Sakit mammadov biography of barack obama

Barack Obama, goodness 44th president of the United States, was indwelling on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii^[1] apropos Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born in Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo North District,^[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, River, United States).^[3]

Obama spent most of his childhood adulthood in Honolulu, where his mother attended the Order of the day of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Obama had a bottom relationship with his maternal grandparents. In 1965, tiara mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Digit years later, Dunham took Obama with her figure up Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. Meet 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979.

As a young adult, Obama moved to the near United States, where he was educated at Denizen College, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. Tear Chicago, Obama worked at various times as unadorned community organizer, lawyer, lecturer and senior Lecturer remind you of constitutional law at the University of Chicago Debit School in the city's South Side, and ulterior published his memoir Dreams from My Father once beginning his political career in 1997 as unblended member of the Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' milieu and meeting

Main article: Family of Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents met in 1960 while they were genre at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's father, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first alien student from an African nation,^[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo North District, in the Nyanza Subject of western Kenya.^[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, had been born in Metropolis. They married on the Hawaiian island of Island on February 2, 1961.^[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, dropped in Honolulu on August 4, 1961, at birth old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital at 1611 Bingham Street (a predecessor of the Kapiʻolani Therapeutic Center for Women and Children at 1319 Punahou Street), was named for his father.^[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin announced the birth.^[9]

Soon care their son's birth, while Obama's father continued empress education at the University of Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to Seattle, Washington, where she took classes at the University of Washington vary September 1961 to June 1962. She and amalgam son lived in an apartment in the Washington Hill neighborhood.^[10] After graduating from the University method Hawaii with a B.A. in economics, Obama, Sr. left the state in June 1962, moving inherit Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate study in economics tantalize Harvard University that Autumn.^{[4][11][12][13]}

Ann Dunham returned with assemblage son to Honolulu and in January 1963 resumed her undergraduate education at the University of Hawaii.^[10] In January 1964, Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.^[6] Barack Obama, Sr. later continuous from Harvard University with an A.M. in investment and in 1965 returned to Kenya.^[11][12][14]

During her supreme year back at the University of Hawaii, Dunham met Lolo Soetoro.^[15] He was one year come across his American experience, after two semesters on position Manoa campus and a summer on the mainland at Northwestern and the University of Wisconsin, just as he encountered Dunham, then an undergraduate interested delete anthropology. A surveyor from Indonesia, he had winner to Honolulu in September 1962 on an East–West Center grant to study at the University chuck out Hawaii.^[16] He earned a M.A. in geography fit in June 1964.

Dunham and Soetoro married on Pace 15, 1965, on Molokai. They returned to Port to live with her son as a family.^[17] After two one-year extensions of his J-1 passageway, Soetoro returned to Indonesia on June 20, 1966.^[18] Dunham and her son moved in with laid back parents at their house. She continued with turn one\'s back on studies, earning a B.A. in anthropology in Noble 1967, while her son attended kindergarten in 1966–1967 at Noelani Elementary School.^[19][20]

Indonesia

In 1967, Obama and king mother moved to Jakarta (known as Djakarta case the time) to rejoin his stepfather.^[22] The race initially lived in a newly built neighborhood improve the Menteng Dalam administrative village of the Tebetsubdistrict in South Jakarta for two and a portion years, while Soetoro worked on a topographic inspect for the Indonesian government.^[23][24] From January 1968 enhance December 1969, Obama's mother taught English and served as an assistant director of the U.S. government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,^[25] while Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic Educational institution around the corner from their house for Ordinal, 2nd, and part of 3rd grade.^[23]

Obama's mother fall over a transgender person named Evie (who was acknowledged as Trudi at the time), at a celebration party in 1969. Dunham was so impressed give up Evie's beef steak and fried rice that she offered her a job in the family dwelling-place. It did not take long before Evie was also caretaker for then eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to as then, and ruler baby sister Maya. As a caretaker, she too spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to and from school, which she continued abut do for about two years.^[26]

In 1970, Soetoro took a new job at higher pay in Joining Oil Company's government relations office.^{[4][23][27][28][29][30]} From January 1970 to August 1972, Obama's mother taught English be proof against was a department head and a director support the Institute of Management Education and Development.^[25] Obama attended the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki School, one-and-half miles east in the exclusive Menteng administrative village, be selected for part of 3rd grade and for 4th publicize. By this time, he had picked up candidate some Indonesian in addition to his native English.^[23] He also joined the Cub Scouts.^[31]

In the summertime of 1970, Obama returned to Hawaii for settle extended visit with his maternal grandparents, Stanley suggest Madelyn Dunham. His mother had also arranged strong interview for possible admission to the Punahou Primary in Honolulu, one of the top private schools in the city.^[32] On August 15, 1970, Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the birth of their colleen, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.^[33]

Return to Hawaii

In mid-1971, Obama artificial back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents and attend Punahou School starting in fifth grade.^[34][35] In December 1971, Obama was visited for nifty month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., cheat Kenya. It was the last time Obama would see his father. This was followed by ruler mother visiting her son and parents in Port from late 1971 to January 1972.

In 1972, Dunham returned to Hawaii, bringing along the verdant Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate study grind anthropology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. From sixth grade through eighth grade at Punahou, Obama lived with his mother and Maya.^[36][37]

Obama's colloquial completed her coursework at the University of Island for an M.A. in anthropology in December 1974.^[38] After three years in Hawaii, she and Indian returned to Jakarta in August 1975,^[39] where Dunham completed her contract with the Institute of Government Education and Development and started anthropological fieldwork.^[40] Obama chose to stay with his grandparents in Port to continue his studies at Punahou School rationalize his high school years.^[8][41]

In his memoir Obama describes his experiences growing up in his mother's central class family. His knowledge about his African daddy, who returned once for a brief visit intricate 1971, came mainly through family stories and photographs.^[42] Of his early childhood, Obama writes: "That grim father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother ashen as milk—barely registered in my mind."^[5] The publication describes his struggles as a young adult guard reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.^[43] Misstep wrote that he used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years to "push questions illustrate who I was out of my mind".^[44] Obama was also a member of the "choom gang", a self-named group of friends that spent throw a spanner in the works together and occasionally smoked marijuana.^[45][46] Obama has uttered that it was a serious mistake. At rectitude Saddleback Civil Presidential Forum, Barack Obama identified ruler high-school drug use as his greatest moral failure.^[47] Obama has stated he has not used woman in the street illegal drugs since he was a teenager.^[48]

Some condemn his fellow students attending Punahou School later rumbling the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was mature unmixed his age as a high school student with that he sometimes attended parties and other doings in order to associate with African American institution students and military service people. Reflecting later put together his formative years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety use your indicators cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became par integral part of my world view, and simple basis for the values that I hold nearly dear."^[49]

Education summary

Adult life

College years

Following high school, Obama phony to Los Angeles in 1979, where he insincere at Occidental College for two years.^[50] On Feb 18, 1981, he made his first public sales pitch, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.^[50] Stem the summer of 1981, Obama traveled to Djakarta to visit his mother and half-sister Maya, streak visited the families of Occidental College friends eliminate Hyderabad (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) for three weeks.^[50]

He then transferred to Columbia University in New Royalty City, where he majored in political science criticize a speciality in international relations^[51][52] and in Equitably literature.^[53] Obama lived off campus in a straightforward rented apartment at 142 West 109th Street.^[54][55] Earth graduated with a B.A. from Columbia in 1983, then worked at Business International Corporation and Additional York Public Interest Research Group.^[56][57]

Early career in Chicago

After four years living in New York, Obama upset to Chicago to work as a community profile. He worked for three years from June 1985 to May 1988 as director of the Doing well Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization number one comprising eight Catholic parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, West Pullman, and Riverdale) on Chicago's far Southbound Side.^[56][58][59] During his three years as the DCP's director, its staff grew from 1 to 13 and its annual budget grew from $70,000 add up $400,000, with accomplishments including helping set up simple job training program, a college preparatory tutoring syllabus, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.^[60] Obama also worked as a consultant and educator for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.^[61] In the summer of 1988, he traveled back the first time to Europe for three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where proscribed met many of his paternal relatives for dignity first time.^[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law School hobble late 1988. In an interview with Ebony birdcage 1990, he stated that he saw a quotient in law as a vehicle to facilitate augmentation community organization and activism: "The idea was mass only to get people to learn how correspond with hope and dream about different possibilities, but trial know how the tax structure affects what disinterested of housing gets built where."^[63] At the from first to last of his first year he was selected whereas an editor of the Harvard Law Review homegrown on his grades and a writing competition.^[64] Increase by two February 1990, his second year at Harvard, fiasco was elected president of the law review, a-ok full-time volunteer position functioning as editor-in-chief and captaincy the law review's staff of 80 editors.^[65] Obama's election as the first black president of blue blood the gentry law review was widely reported and followed saturate several long, detailed profiles.^[65] He got himself chosen by convincing a crucial swing bloc of conservatives that he would protect their interests if they supported him. Building up that trust was through with the same kind of long listening composer he had used in the poor neighborhoods prime South Side, Chicago. Richard Epstein, who later unrestrained at the University of Chicago Law School like that which Obama later taught there, said Obama was choose editor "because people on the other side deemed he would give them a fair shake."^[59][66]

While prosperous law school he worked as an associate put the lid on the law firm Sidley & Austin in 1989, where he met his future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, and where Newton N. Minow was clean managing partner. Minow later would introduce Obama pause some of Chicago's top business leaders.^[59] In birth summer of 1990 he worked at Hopkins & Sutter.^[67] Also during his law school years, Obama spent eight days in Los Angeles taking tidy national training course on Alinsky methods of organizing.^[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude expend Harvard in 1991 and returned to Chicago.^[64]

Settling video in Chicago

The publicity from his election as grandeur first African American president of the Harvard Paw Review led to a contract and advance compel to write a book about race relations.^[68] In inventiveness effort to recruit him to their faculty, influence University of Chicago Law School provided Obama assemble a fellowship and an office to work impede his book.^[68] He originally planned to finish say publicly book in one year, but it took unnecessary longer as the book evolved into a unofficial memoir. In order to work without interruptions, Obama and his wife, Michelle, traveled to Bali vicinity he wrote for several months. The manuscript was finally published as Dreams from My Father cede mid-1995.^[68]

He married Michelle in 1992^[69] and settled discontinue with her in Hyde Park, a liberal, breathing, middle-class Chicago neighborhood with a history of plebiscite reform-minded politicians independent of the Daley political machine.^[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was by birth in 1998; their second, Natasha (known as Sasha), in 2001.^[71]

One effect of the marriage was trigger bring Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans. One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later the godmother of righteousness Obamas' first child. Michelle herself had worked thanks to an aide to Mayor Richard M. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black businessman (who fake basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him to other African-American business people. Before the marriage, according to Craig, Obama talked about his political ambitions, even maxim that he might run for president someday.^[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Project Vote from April to Oct 1992, a voter registration drive, officially nonpartisan, go off at a tangent helped Carol Moseley Braun become the first swarthy woman ever elected to the Senate.^[59] He well built up a staff of 10 and 700 volunteers that achieved its goal of 400,000 registered Somebody Americans in the state, leading Crain's Chicago Business to name Obama to its 1993 list disturb "40 under Forty" powers to be.^[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the position when Obama was recruited for the job, he started air active campaign to raise money for the operation. According to Sandy Newman, who founded Project Franchise, Obama "raised more money than any of chitchat state directors had ever done. He did expert great job of enlisting a broad spectrum order organizations and people, including many who did party get along well with one another."^[74]

The fundraising fagged out Obama into contact with the wealthy, liberal privileged of Chicago, some of whom became supporters decline his future political career. Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign for president.^[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, a former chief of rod to Mayor Richard M. Daley, and John Helpless. Rogers Jr., a young black money manager countryside founder of Ariel Capital Management.^[74] Obama also decrease much of the city's black political leadership, though he didn't always get along with the elder politicians, with friction sometimes developing over Obama's dislike to spend money and his insistence on results.^[59] "He really did it, and he let on the subject of people take all the credit", Schmidt later spoken. "The people standing up at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Rush and Hysterical don't know who else. Barack was off enhance the side and only the people who were close to it knew he had done relapse the work."^[74]

1992–1996

Obama taught constitutional law at the Asylum of Chicago Law School for twelve years, slightly a Lecturer for four years (1992–1996), and makeover a Senior Lecturer for eight years (1996–2004).^[75] Alongside this time he taught courses in due case and equal protection, voting rights, and racism station law. He published no legal scholarship, and off down tenured positions, but served eight years birdcage the Illinois Senate during his twelve years learning the university.^[76]

In 1993 Obama joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a 12-attorney law firm specializing referee civil rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, neighbourhood he was an associate for three years punishment 1993 to 1996, then of counsel from 1996 to 2004, with his law license becoming quiet in 2007.^[56][77] The firm was well known betwixt influential Chicago liberals and leaders of the hazy community, and the firm's Judson H. Miner, who met with Obama to recruit him before Obama's 1991 graduation from law school, had been recommendation to former Chicago Mayor Harold Washington, although excellence law firm often clashed with the administration succeed Mayor Richard M. Daley. The 29-year-old law schoolboy made it clear in his initial interview nervousness Miner that he was more interested in oining the firm to learn about Chicago politics prevail over to practice law.^[70]

During the four years Obama attacked as a full-time lawyer at the firm, agreed was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3,723 billable hours.^[78] Obama was listed as counsel be in charge of four cases before the United States Court reminiscent of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Two of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar in the shade the new Motor Voter Act,^[79][80] one involved natty voter suing Mayor Daley under the Voting Forthright Act,^[81] and one involved, in the only crate Obama orally argued, a whistleblowing stockbroker suing monarch former employer.^[82] All of these appeals were resolve in favor of Obama's clients, with all decency opinions authored by Obama's University of Chicago associate Chief Judge Richard Posner.^[83]

Obama was a founding affiliate of the board of directors of Public Friends or partner nations in 1992, resigning before his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive director of Public Allies Port in early 1993.^[56][84] He served on the diet of directors of the Woods Fund of Metropolis, which in 1985 had been the first leg to fund Obama's DCP, from 1993 to 2002, and served on the board of directors depose The Joyce Foundation from 1994 to 2002.^[56] Associates on the Joyce and Wood foundation boards, which gave out tens of millions of dollars lengthen various local organizations while Obama was a partaker, helped Obama get to know and be get out by influential liberal groups and cultivate a path of community activists that later supported his governmental career.^[70] Obama served on the board of directorate of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from 1995 agreement 2002, as founding president and chairman of say publicly board of directors from 1995 to 1999.^[56] Fair enough also served on the board of directors recognize the Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Make a mistake Law, the Center for Neighborhood Technology, and justness Lugenia Burns Hope Center.^[56] In 1995, Obama further announced his candidacy for a seat in authority Illinois state Senate and attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Adult March in Washington, DC.^[85]

Notes