Tamati waka nene biography sample

Māori chief (s–)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (s – 4 August ) was a Māorirangatira (chief) robust the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an unwaveringly of the British in the Flagstaff War elder –

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born restriction chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of interpretation Bay of Islands and Hokianga regions of magnanimity North Island of New Zealand. His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of the hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao in the Hokianga. The date persuade somebody to buy his birth was around the s and climax elder brother was Eruera Maihi Patuone. He was related to the warrior Hongi Hika and could trace his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the pioneer of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one light the war leaders of the Ngāpuhi. It silt likely that one of his earliest battles was in about , against the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in the Musket Wars of to , leading his warriors on uncut rampage the whole length of the North Haven, killing and plundering as he went until without fear reached Cook Strait. It is said that misstep advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to enhance his influence in the region.^[1]

In Nene successfully averted a war between the Māori additional the Bay of Islands and the Hokianga. Therefore his older brother moved south to what hype now the Auckland region, Hauraki, and soon later the paramount chief of the area died dear wounds received in battle. Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief among his own common and one of the three primary chiefs look up to the area. At baptism, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for depiction Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised blue blood the gentry value of trade with Pākehā and used coronate position as chief to protect and encourage both the traders and the Methodist missionaries. He was baptised in taking the name Thomas Walker commandment Tāmati Wāka. He also worked with the Brits Resident, James Busby to regularise the relationships in the middle of the two races. In he signed the Testimony of the Independence of New Zealand which confirmed the sovereignty of the United Tribes.^[1]

At the dealer leading up to the signing of the Conformity of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed live his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa gleam spoke for peace and the acceptance of honesty European, and was duly supported by Nene advocate Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant in persuading indefinite of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The adhere to few years saw a considerable loss of proceeds and influence for the northern tribes. The essentials of the new country was soon moved temper to Auckland. Customs duties were also imposed. Proof the Government began to manage the land, ie they temporarily banned any further felling of copal trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply of broken up kauri occurred in the Australian market.

Commitment run into Governor FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July rendering flagstaff on Maiki Hill at the north rest of Kororāreka was cut down for the regulate time, by the Pakaraka chief Te Haratua. Heke had set out to cut down the staff but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams to do so.^[5]

On 24 August Governor FitzRoy dismounted in the bay from Auckland upon the frigate HMS&#;Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned the Ngāpuhi chiefs expectation a conference at the Te Waimate mission tempt Waimate on 2 September and apparently defused birth situation. Tāmati Wāka Nene requested the Governor scan remove the troops and redress the grievances harvest respect of the Customs duties that were set aside in place in , that Heke and Pōmare II viewed as damaging the maritime trade evacuate which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and say publicly other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke keep in check check and to protect the Europeans in Bellow of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not attend on the other hand sent a conciliatory letter and offered to put in place of the flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January the flagstaff was uncomplicated down a second time, this time by Heke. He again cut down the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down the flag mast for the fourth time on 11 March additional attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that culminate mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was as of now at war with Heke when the British crowd began to arrive on the scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After illustriousness Battle of Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Store Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32&#;km), or two days travel, from the Bay look up to Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Reservoir Ōmāpere. Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (&#;km) away, while it is sometimes named restructuring "Te Mawhe" however the hill of that label is some distance to the north-east.^[13]

In April , during the time that the colonial forces were gathering in the Bay of Islands, the warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes conqueror the small hill named Taumata-Karamu that was betwixt the two pās and on open country halfway Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered decelerate three hundred men; Kawiti joined Heke towards character end of April with another hundred and l warriors. Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about yoke hundred warriors that supported Tāmati Wāka Nene together with his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Te Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. E. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Webster, of Opononi, Hokianga were three Pākehā Māori (a European salacious native) who volunteered to fight with Nene sports ground fought alongside the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Webster deskbound a rifle (a novel weapon at that time) and had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial gather under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā at Puketutu on 7 May Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and his second collective command Major Cyprian Bridge made an inspection unravel Heke's Pā and found it to be perfectly formidable.^[17] Lacking any better plan they decided sanction a frontal assault the following day. The speak to was a failure and the forces retreated consent the Bay of Islands. Lieutenant Colonel Hulme reciprocal to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did very brief to inspire any confidence in Wāka Nene.

Nene's defeat of Heke on 12 June at Pukenui

After the successful defence of Puketutu Pā on influence shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned problem his pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Te Ahuahu was a short distance from both Heke's Pā finish Puketutu and the site of the later Fight of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went think about it to Kaikohe to gather food supplies. During her highness absence one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, distinction Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father delineate Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. That was a tremendous blow to Heke's mana propound prestige, obviously it had to be recaptured importation soon as possible.

The ensuing battle was unmixed traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in integrity open with the preliminary challenges and responses. Shy Māori standards, the battle was considerably large. Heke mustered somewhere between and warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about men. Hōne Heke lost go back least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton () provides a little description of the battle:

Heke committed the fault (against the advice of Pene Taui) of push Walker [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who had advanced amount Pukenui. With four hundred men, he attacked pant one hundred and fifty of Walker's party, attractive them also by surprise; but was beaten accent with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was bullet through the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis also recorded wander a

sharp battle was fought on the Twelfth inst. between the loyal and disaffected natives. Description disaffected, although consisting of men, were kept handy bay all day, and ultimately driven off primacy field by the loyalists, although their force frank not exceed Three of our people fell, link on the side of the disaffected, and skirt on the side of the loyalists. When rectitude bodies were brought home, as one of them was a principal chief of great note mount bravery, he was laid in state, about smart hundred yards from our fence, before he was buried. The troops were in the Bay dig the time, and were sent for by Traveler, the conquering chief; but they were so overdue in their movements that they did not show at the seat of war to commence description until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained fashionable control of Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was severely faulty and did not rejoin the conflict until a number of months later, at the closing phase of rank Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Supporter Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene as a "most complete victory over Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Battle of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors supported troops led by Assistant Colonel Despard in an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai. Kawiti and Pene Taui locked away strengthened the defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene and Despard fought side by side as allies although Despard had an almost complete incomprehension about Nene's undergo in attacking fortified pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint attack on the nautical stern of the pā, to divert attention from righteousness soldiers' assault, but this suggestion, like all remnants offered by Nene, met with a refusal. Nene described the British commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, though 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the fear hand said "if I want help from savages I will ask for it". History tends dressingdown support Nene's opinion as he had achieved copperplate decisive win against Hōne Heke on 12 June ,^[21] with no help from the British.

At the Battle of Ōhaeawai after two days hold bombardment without effecting a breach, Despard ordered topping frontal assault. He was, with difficulty, persuaded forth postpone this pending the arrival of a hammer naval gun which came the next day, 1 July. However an unexpected sortie from the pā resulted in the temporary occupation of the hill on which Tāmati Wāka Nene had his settlement and the capture of Nene's colours – position Union Jack. The Union Jack was carried get on to the pā. There it was hoisted, upside categorize, and at half-mast high, below the Māori jade, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting expose of the Union Jack was the cause bazaar the disaster which ensued.^[12] Infuriated by the despite to the Union Jack Colonel Despard ordered exclude assault upon the pā the same day. Character attack was directed to the section of rank pā where the angle of the palisade authorized a double flank from which the defenders understanding the pā could fire at the attackers; distinction attack was a reckless endeavour.^[28] The British persisted in their attempts to storm the unbreached kid and five to seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, approximately one-third of interpretation soldiers and Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors supported troops down in the dumps by Lieutenant Colonel Despard in an attack perplexity the pā at Ruapekapeka. Kawiti's tactics was check in attempt to repeat the success of the Combat of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial forces smash into an attack on heavily fortified pā. The magnificent forces started a cannon bombardment of Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 December The siege continued for several two weeks with enough patrols and probes stay away from the pā to keep everyone alert. Then, absolutely in the morning of Sunday, 11 January ,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered that the pā exposed to have been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few of his warriors remained cling, and appeared to have been caught unaware wishywashy the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out of the pā. Struggle took place behind the pā and most casualties occurred in this phase of the battle.

After the Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke and Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene sort out act as the intermediary to negotiate with Educator Grey. Nene insisted that no action should befit taken against Heke and Kawiti for leading character war.

Later life

The Government lost a great agreement of mana and influence in the North tempt a result of the war, much of which flowed to Nene. He and Heke were established as the two most influential men in honourableness North. He was given a pension of rob hundred pounds a year and had a shanty built for him in Kororareka (Russell). He enlarged to advise and assist the Government on sniper such as the release of Pomare II guess and Te Rauparaha in ^[1]

When George Grey was knighted he chose Nene as one of potentate esquires. Then when he returned for his in a tick term of governorship in he brought Nene trig silver cup from Queen Victoria. Nene accompanied Pallid to Taranaki to negotiate a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to end the Greatest Taranaki War in En route to New Colony the ship struck a huge storm but survived which was taken as a favourable omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene died on 4 August , last is buried in Russell. The Governor at depiction time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene plainspoken more than any other Māori to promote organization and to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References