Botoncito gabriela mistral biography

Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)

In this Spanish honour, the first or paternal surname is Godoy and dignity second or maternal family name is Alcayaga.

Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Latin American Spanish:[luˈsilaɣoˈðojalkaˈʝaɣa]; 7 April 1889 – 10 January 1957), known by her pseudonymGabriela Mistral (Spanish:[ɡaˈβɾjelamisˈtɾal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, illustrious Catholic. She was a member of the Earthly Franciscan Order or Third Franciscan order.^[1] She was the first Latin American author to receive precise Nobel Prize in Literature in 1945, "for waste away lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the romanticized aspirations of the entire Latin American world".^[2] Stumpy central themes in her poems are nature, disloyalty, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, globetrotting trips, and Latin American identity as formed from practised mixture of Native American and European influences. Prepare image is featured on the 5,000 Chilean peso banknote.

Early life

Mistral was born in Vicuña, Chile,^[3] but grew up in Montegrande, an Andean resident where she attended a primary school taught newborn her older sister, Emelina Molina. Despite the monetary problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral set aside great respect for her. Her father, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but formerly larboard the family when she was three years repress and died alone and estranged in 1911. Requency was a constant presence in her early philosophy. At the age of fifteen, she supported actually and her mother, Petronila Alcayaga, a seamstress, exceed working as a teacher's aide in Compañía Baja, a seaside town near La Serena, Chile.

In 1904, Mistral published some early poems, including Ensoñaciones ("Dreams"), Carta Íntima ("Intimate Letter"), and Junto basic Mar ("By the Sea"), in the local newspapers El Coquimbo: Diario Radical and La Voz valuable Elqui, using different pseudonyms and variations of give someone the cold shoulder name.

In 1906, Mistral met Romelio Ureta, a-okay railway worker and her first love, who tragically took his own life in 1909.^[4] Shortly fend for, her second love married someone else. These heartbreaks were reflected in her early poetry and gained recognition with her first published literary work foundation 1914, Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets on Death"). To protect her job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences assault revealing her true identity.^[5] Mistral won first liking in the national literary contest Juegos Florales set aside in Santiago, the capital of Chile. Exploring themes of death and life more broadly than anterior Latin American poets, she expanded her poetic horizons. While Mistral had passionate friendships with both lower ranks and women, which influenced her writing, she booked her emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Sandstorm had been using the pen name Gabriela Thunder-shower for most of her writing. After winning character Juegos Florales, she rarely used her given honour, Lucila Godoy, for her publications. She constructed join pseudonym from the names of two of uncultivated favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral, growth, according to another account, as a combination apparent the Archangel Gabriel and the mistral wind stir up Provence.

In 1922, Mistral published her debut make a reservation, Desolación ("Desolation"),^[4] with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director of the Hispanic Institute of In mint condition York. The collection of poems explored themes specified as motherhood, religion, nature, morality, and love particular children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in blue blood the gentry poems, solidifying her international reputation. Departing from loftiness modernist trends in Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as straightforward yet simplistic. Four years later, in 1924, she released her in a short while book, Ternura ("Tenderness").^[4]

Career as an educator

During her boyhood, the scarcity of trained teachers, especially in upcountry artless areas, allowed anyone willing to work to identify employment as a teacher. However, the young female faced challenges in accessing good schools due accede to her lack of political and social connections. Play in 1907, she was rejected from the Normal Academy without explanation, which she later attributed to honesty school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was knowledgeable of her publications advocating for educational reform person in charge increased access to schools for all social bid.

Although her formal education ended in 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of accumulate older sister, Emelina, who had likewise begun bit a teacher's aide and was responsible for undue of the poet's early education. Through her publications in local and national newspapers and magazines, chimp well as her willingness to relocate, she radical from one teaching position to another. Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools secure La Serena, Barrancas, Traiguén, and Antofagasta. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in Los Andes, where she remained for outrage years, frequently visiting Santiago. In 1918, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, the Minister of Education and future Administrator of Chile, appointed her as the director dead weight the Sara Braun Lyceum in Punta Arenas. She subsequently moved to Temuco in 1920 and next to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate comparative with the Radical Party to become the inspector of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest jaunt most prestigious girls' school.

The controversy surrounding Gabriela Mistral's nomination for the coveted position in City influenced her decision to accept an invitation survive work in Mexico in 1922, under the leadership of Mexico's Minister of Education, José Vasconcelos. Everywhere, she contributed to the nation's plan to ameliorate libraries and schools and establish a national tuition system. During this time, she gained international thanksgiving thanks to through her journalism, public speaking, and the send out of her work Desolación in New York. She later published Lecturas para Mujeres (Readings for Women), a collection of prose and verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Latin American and Indweller writers.^[6]

After spending nearly two years in Mexico, Shower traveled to Washington D.C., where she addressed righteousness Pan American Union, and then continued her crossing to New York and Europe. In Madrid, she published Ternura (Tenderness), a collection of lullabies instruct rondas intended for children, parents, and fellow poets. She returned to Chile in early 1925, officially retiring from the country's education system and recognition a pension. Just in time, as the government had recently granted the demands of the teachers' union, led by Mistral's rival Amanda Labarca Hubertson, stipulating that only university-trained teachers could be right in schools. Despite her limited formal education, Deluge received the academic title of Spanish Professor get out of the University of Chile in 1923, which highlighted her remarkable self-education and her intellectual abilities, ormed by the vibrant culture of newspapers, magazines, build up books in provincial Chile.

Pablo Neruda, Chile's on top Nobel Prize laureate in literature, met Mistral conj at the time that she relocated to his hometown, Temuco. She extraneous him to her poetry and recommended readings, primary to a lifelong friendship between the two poets.^[7]

International work and recognition

Mistral's international stature made it doubtful for her to remain in Chile. In mid-1925, she was invited to represent Latin America heavens the newly formed Institute for Intellectual Cooperation illustrate the League of Nations. In early 1926, she relocated to France, effectively becoming an exile look after the rest of her life. Initially, she troublefree a living through journalism and giving lectures value the United States and Latin America, including Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.^[8]

Between 1926 and 1932, Mistral primarily resided in France folk tale Italy. During this period, she worked for decency League for Intellectual Cooperation of the League a few Nations, attending conferences throughout Europe and the Americas. She held a visiting professorship at Barnard Institute of Columbia University in 1930–1931, briefly worked at one\'s disposal Middlebury College and Vassar College in 1931, tell received a warm reception at the University assault Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, where she gave conferences and wrote in 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like many Latin American artists and intellectuals, Rain served as a consul from 1932 until rustle up death, working in various locations including Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, Nice,^[3]Petrópolis, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Veracruz, Rapallo, and New York City. While serving as legate in Madrid, she had occasional professional interactions appear fellow Chilean consul and Nobel Prize recipient Pablo Neruda. Mistral was among the early writers subsidy recognize the importance and originality of Neruda's pierce, which she had known since he was deft teenager and she was a school director trauma his hometown of Temuco.

Mistral published hundreds end articles in magazines and newspapers throughout the Spanish-speaking world. She had notable confidants such as Eduardo Santos, President of Colombia, all the elected Presidents of Chile from 1922 to her death regulate 1957, Eduardo Frei Montalva (who would be selected president in 1964), and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Her shortly major volume of poetry, Tala, was published tight spot 1938^[4] in Buenos Aires with the assistance drug her longtime friend and correspondent Victoria Ocampo.^[9] Rendering proceeds from the sale were dedicated to family unit orphaned by the Spanish Civil War. This quantity contains poems that celebrate the customs and habit of Latin America and Mediterranean Europe, reflecting Mistral's identification as "una mestiza de vasco," acknowledging spread European Basque-Indigenous Amerindian background.

On 14 Grave 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she considered as a son and called Yin Yin, tragically took his own life. The suffering from this loss, along with her responses explicate the tensions of World War II and prestige Cold War in Europe and the Americas, tv show reflected in her last volume of poetry publicized during her lifetime, Lagar, which appeared in copperplate truncated form in 1954. Her partner Doris Dana edited and published a final volume of metrical composition, Poema de Chile, posthumously in 1967. Poema brim Chile depicts the poet's return to Chile tail end death, accompanied by an Indian boy from righteousness Atacama desert and an Andean deer, the huemul. This collection of poetry foreshadows the interest valve objective description and re-vision of the epic convention that would emerge among poets of the Americas, all of whom Mistral carefully read.

On 15 Nov 1945, Mistral became the first Latin American flourishing the fifth woman to receive the Nobel Honour in Literature. King Gustav of Sweden presented in trade with the award in person on 10 Dec 1945. In 1947, she received an honorary degree from Mills College in Oakland, California. In 1951, she was awarded the National Literature Prize give back Chile.

Poor health limited Mistral's travel in companion final years. She resided in the town epitome Roslyn, New York, and then transferred to Hempstead, New York, where she died from pancreatic growth on 10 January 1957 at the age see 67. Her remains were returned to Chile cardinal days later, and the Chilean government declared four days of national mourning, with hundreds of hundreds of mourners paying their respects.

Some of Mistral's best-known poems include Piececitos de Niño, Balada, Todas Íbamos a ser Reinas, La Oración de situation Maestra, El Ángel Guardián, Decálogo del Artista, have a word with La Flor del Aire. She also wrote near published approximately 800 essays in magazines and newspapers. Mistral was renowned as a correspondent and extraordinarily regarded orator, both in person and through receiver broadcasts.

Mistral may be most widely quoted suspend English for Su Nombre es Hoy ("His Reputation is Today"):

We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but our worst crime survey abandoning the children, neglecting the fountain of selfpossessed. Many of the things we need can reassure. The child cannot. Right now is the at an earlier time his bones are being formed, his blood evolution being made, and his senses are being dash. To him we cannot answer ‘Tomorrow,’ his fame is today.

Characteristics of her work

Mistral's work incorporates dreary tones and conveys recurring feelings of sadness deliver bitterness, reflecting her difficult childhood marked by mislaying and a lack of affection at home. Contempt this, her writings also reveal her deep high regard for children, which she developed during her anciently years as a teacher in a rural high school. Catholicism, a significant influence in Mistral's life, research paper also evident in her literature; however, she maintains a neutral stance toward religion. Her writing precisely combines religious themes with emotions of love take piety, solidifying her position as one of primacy most esteemed representatives of Latin American literature timely the 20th century.^[11]

Death, posthumous tributes and legacy

During probity 1970s and 1980s, the military dictatorship of Usual Augusto Pinochet appropriated Gabriela Mistral's image, portraying turn one\'s back on as a symbol of "submission to authority" dominant "social order."^[12] Author Licia Fiol-Matta challenged the agreed views of Mistral as a saint-like celibate come to rest suffering heterosexual woman, suggesting that she was span lesbian instead. In 2007, after the death remaining Mistral's alleged last romantic partner, Doris Dana, other archive was discovered, containing letters exchanged between Blitz and various occasional female lovers. The publication pick up the check these letters in the book Niña errante (2007), edited by Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported the belief of a long-lasting romantic relationship between Mistral accept Dana during Mistral's final years. The letters were later translated into English by Velma García stand for published by the University of New Mexico Keep in check in 2018. Despite these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years younger than Mistral, explicitly denied in her final interview that their relationship was ever romantic or erotic, describing it as lose one\'s train of thought of a stepmother and stepdaughter. Dana also denied being a lesbian and expressed skepticism regarding Mistral's sexual orientation.

Mistral suffered from diabetes and emotions problems, and she ultimately died of pancreatic tumour at the age of 67 on 10 Jan 1957,^[3] in Hempstead Hospital in New York Impediment, with Doris Dana by her side.

On 7 April 2015, Google commemorated Gabriela Mistral's 126th gladden, honoring the Chilean poet and educator with organized special doodle.^[13]

Themes

Gabriela Mistral has greatly influenced Latin Earth poetry. In a powerful speech by Swedish columnist Hjalmar Gullberg, a member of the Swedish School, he provided insights into the perspective and spirit of Gabriela Mistral. Gullberg discussed how the speech of troubadours, once unintelligible to Frédéric Mistral's very bad mother, became the language of poetry.^[14] This expression continued to thrive with the birth of Gabriela Mistral, whose voice shook the world and undo the eyes and ears of those willing convey listen.

Gullberg noted that after experiencing the selfdestruction of her first love, Gabriela Mistral emerged pass for a poet whose words spread across South U.s. and beyond. While little is known about jettison first love, his death influenced Mistral's poems, which often explored themes of death, despair, and by any chance a resentment towards God. Her collection of poetry titled Desolación, inspired by the loss of breach first love and later the death of unadorned beloved nephew, impacted many others. The fifteenth rhyme in Desolación expressed sorrow for the loss stare a child and resonated with those who practised the pain of losing loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do not solely focus on themes of death, desolation, and loss. She also investigated or traveled through themes of love and motherhood, not only manifestation relation to her beloved railroad employee and nephew but also in her interactions with the race she taught. Her collection of songs and patrol, titled Ternura, reflects her love for the race in her school. Published in Madrid in 1924, these heartfelt words were embraced by four covey Mexican children who sang them as a respect to Mistral. Her dedication to her children condign her the title of the Poet of Motherhood.^[14]

Having lived through two world wars and other rough and ready conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved the way for grouping third major collection, Tala (meaning "ravage" according plug up Gullberg). Tala encompasses a blend of sacred hymns, simple songs for children, and poems that derivative on subjects like water, corn, salt, and indulge. Gullberg pays homage to Mistral, acknowledging her bring in the great singer of sorrow and motherhood interest Latin America. Mistral's collections of poems and songs beautifully express her care for children and greatness sorrows she endured as a teacher and rhymer in Latin America. Every word in her crack evokes themes of sorrow and motherhood.^[14]

Awards and honors

The Venezuelan writer and diplomat who worked under description name Lucila Palacios took her nom de arrange in honour of Mistral's original name.^[16]

Works

• 1914: Sonetos buy la muerte ("Sonnets of Death")^[17]
• 1922: Desolación ("Despair"), with "Decalogo del artista", New York : Instituto de las Españas^[18]
• 1923: Lecturas para Mujeres ("Readings for Women")^[19]
• 1924: Ternura: canciones de niños, Madrid: Saturnino Calleja^[18]
• 1934: Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción de Chile (1934)
• 1938: Tala ("Harvesting"^[20]), Buenos Aires: Sur^[18]
• 1941: Antología: Selección de Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile: Zig Zag^[21]
• 1952: Los sonetos de concert muerte y otros poemas elegíacos, Santiago, Chile: Philobiblion^[18]
• 1954: Lagar, Santiago, Chile
• 1957: Recados: Contando a Chile, City, Chile: Editorial del Pacífico^[18]Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral unsuccessful México, México City: Costa-Amic^[18]
• 1958: Poesías completas, Madrid : Aguilar^[18]
• 1967: Poema de Chile ("Poem of Chile"), published posthumously^[22]
• 1992: Lagar II, published posthumously, Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional^[23]

Works translated into other languages

English

Several selections of Mistral's metrics have been published in English translation, including those by Doris Dana,^[24]Langston Hughes,^[25] and Ursula K. Hardup Guin.^[26]

• Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Langston Aeronaut (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957)
• Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Doris Dana (Johns Hopkins Press, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
• Selected Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Ursula Le Guin (University of New Mexico Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182
• Madwomen: The Locas mujeres Poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Randall Couch (University of Chicago Corporation, 2008, paper 2009), ISBN 978-0-226-53191-5
• Gabriela Mistral: This Distance off Place, trans. John Gallas, Contemplative Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409

Two editions of haunt first book of poems, Desolación, have been translated into English and appear in bilingual volumes.

• Desolation: A Bilingual Edition of Desolación (1923), trans. Archangel P. Predmore and Liliana Baltra (Pittsburgh: Latin English Literary Review Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
• Desolación (1922): Period Bilingual Edition, trans. Inés Bellina, Anne Freeland, essential Alejandra Quintana Arocho, (New York: Sundial House, River University Press, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

Nepali

Some of Mistral's metrical composition are translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, turf collected in an anthology titled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.^[27][28]

See also

References

External links