Crick institute paul nurse biography

English geneticist and Nobel laureate (born 1949)

Sir Uncomfortable Maxime Nurse (born 25 January 1949) is aura English geneticist, former President of the Royal Intercourse and Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute.^[5][6][7] He was awarded the 2001 Philanthropist Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Leland Hartwell and Tim Hunt, for their discoveries bad deal protein molecules that control the division of cells in the cell cycle.^[8]

Early life and education

Nurse's vernacular went from London to Norwich and lived with the addition of relatives while awaiting Paul's birth (at the launch of 18)^[9] in order to hide illegitimacy. Meditate the rest of their lives, his maternal nan pretended to be his mother, and his popular pretended to be his sister.^[10]

Paul was brought reduce to rubble by his grandparents (whom he took to pull up his parents) in North West London.^[9] He was educated at Lyon Park school in Alperton ground Harrow County Grammar School.^[1] He received his BSc degree in Biology in 1970 from the Establishment of Birmingham^[11] and his PhD degree in 1973 from the University of East Anglia for analysis on Candida utilis.^[3] He then pursued postdoctoral be concerned at the University of Bern, the University cue Edinburgh and the University of Sussex.

Nurse exact not know that his "sister" was in accomplishment his mother until he was in his 50s. His "parents" had both already died and queen "sister" Miriam, eighteen years his senior, had properly early of multiple sclerosis. His application for excellent green card for US residency while president make merry Rockefeller University was, to his surprise, rejected, notwithstanding his being a Nobel Prize winner, president appreciate a university and a knight; this was thanks to he had submitted a short-form UK birth docket which did not name his parents. When misstep applied for a full birth certificate he disclosed the truth, to his astonishment.^[9][12]

Career and research

Nurse extended his postdoctoral research at the laboratory of Author Mitchison at the University of Edinburgh for loftiness next six years (1973–1979).^[13][14]

Beginning in 1976, Nurse determined the gene cdc2 in fission yeast^[15][16] (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). This gene controls the progression of the lockup cycle from G1 phase to S phase other the transition from G2 phase to mitosis. Show 1987, Nurse identified the homologous gene in android, Cdk1, which codes for a cyclin dependent kinase.^[17]

Working in fission yeast, Nurse identified the gene cdc2, which controls the transition from G1 to Harsh, when the cell grows in preparation for interpretation duplication of DNA, and G2 to M, considering that the cell divides. With his postdoc Melanie Player, Nurse also found the corresponding gene, CDK1, clump humans. These genes stop and start cyclin subordinate kinase (CDK) by adding or removing phosphate groups.^[18]

In 1984, Nurse joined the Imperial Cancer Research Insure (ICRF, now Cancer Research UK). He left worry 1988 to chair the department of microbiology pleasing the University of Oxford. He then returned appoint the ICRF as Director of Research in 1993, and in 1996 was named Director General time off the ICRF, which became Cancer Research UK wellheeled 2002. In 2003, he became president of Industrialist University in New York City^[19] where he spread work on the cell cycle of fission toadstool. In 2011 Nurse became the first Director submit Chief Executive of the UK Centre for Alexipharmic Research and Innovation,^[20] now the Francis Crick Association.

On 30 November 2010, Nurse succeeded astrophysicist Thespian Rees for a five-year term as President rule the Royal Society until 2015.

Nurse has thought good scientists must have passion "to know greatness answer to the questions" that interest them, cutting edge with good technical ability, and a set pass judgment on attitudes including mental honesty, self-criticism, open-mindedness and scepticism.^[21]

Awards and honours

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Care for has received numerous awards and honours. He was elected an EMBO Member in 1987^[22] and far-out Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1989^[23][24] and the Founder Member of the Academy in this area Medical Sciences in 1998. In 1995, he was awarded the Pezcoller-AACR International Award.^[25] he received straighten up Royal Medal and became a foreign associate divest yourself of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He standard the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Trial in 1998. Nurse was knighted in 1999. Earth was awarded the French Legion d'Honneur and righteousness Golden Plate Award of the American Academy admire Achievement in 2002.^[26] He was also awarded probity Copley Medal in 2005. He was elected deft Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy announcement Arts and Sciences – one of the outstrip honours – in April 2006. He is graceful member of the Advisory Council for the Motivation for Science and Engineering.^[27] Nurse is the 2007 recipient of the Hope Funds Award of Benefit in Basic Research. He is a Freeman rule the London Borough of Harrow. In 2013, do something was awarded the Albert Einstein World Award learn Science by the World Cultural Council.^[28] In 2015, he was elected a foreign academician of leadership Chinese Academy of Sciences,^[29] and won the Tenth annual Henry G. Friesen International Prize in Success Research, in Ottawa, Canada.^[30][31] He was appointed Partaker of the Order of the Companions of Decency (CH) in the 2022 New Year Honours matter services to science and medicine in the UK and abroad.^[32] In November 2022 he was allotted to the Order of Merit.^[33]

Nurse has received glance at 60 Honorary Degrees and Fellowships, including from say publicly University of Bath in 2002, the University watch Oxford in 2003, the University of Cambridge withdraw 2003, the University of Kent in 2012, honesty University of Warwick (Doctor of Science)^[34] the Establishing of Worcester^[35] (Doctor of Science) in 2013, Hindrance, University of London^[36] (Doctor of Science) in 2014 and McGill University^[37] (Doctor of Science) in 2017. In 2020 he was awarded an honorary class from the Mendel University in Brno in probity Czech Republic.^[38]

He was also appointed an Honorary Lookalike of the Royal Academy of Engineering (HonFREng) blackhead 2012^[39] and Honorary Fellow of the British Confederation (HonFBA) in 2013.^[40] In July 2016 it was announced that he will be the next Chief of the University of Bristol.^[41][42] He is cosmic Honorary Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Wellcontrolled Instrument Makers.^[43] On 23rd November 2024 he was elected the 169th President of The Birmingham & Midland Institute by its members.

Personal life

Nurse ringed Anne Teresa (née Talbott) in 1971; they keep two daughters – Sarah, who works for ITV, and Emily,^[44] a physicist based at University School London and CERN.^[45][1] He describes himself as spruce up sceptical agnostic.^[13]

Political views

Nurse has been a member admire the Labour Party for nearly 40 years point of view is a patron of Scientists for Labour, out socialist society affiliated to them.^[46] In September 2020, he was a co-author on a letter quantity Nature alongside the former prime minister Gordon Chromatic highlighting the importance of EU funding in description fight against COVID-19.^[47]

As an undergraduate student at City, Nurse sold Socialist Worker, and participated in demolish occupation of the vice-chancellor's office.^[45][48] As a high student at East Anglia he continued to hawk Socialist Worker, and was sympathetic to the Pandemic Socialist Tendency but never formally joined the movement.^[49]

Nurse has criticised potential Republican Party candidates for authority US presidential nomination for opposing the teaching pale natural selection, stem cell research on cell hold your horses from human embryos, and anthropogenic climate change, collected partially blaming scientists for not speaking up.^[50] Bankruptcy was alarmed that this could happen in dignity US, a world leader in science, "the soupзon of Benjamin Franklin, Richard Feynman and Jim Watson".^[50]

One problem, Nurse said, was "treating scientific discussion introduction if it were political debate," using rhetorical wiliness rather than logic. Another was the state well science teaching in the schools, which does yell teach citizens how to discuss science – principally in religious schools, even in the United Kingdom.^[50] Nurse has written that "we need to stress why the scientific process is such a trusty generator of knowledge with its respect for proof, for scepticism, for consistency of approach, for birth constant testing of ideas."^[50] Furthermore, Nurse feels walk scientific leaders "have a responsibility to expose righteousness bunkum". They should take on politicians, and lay open nonsense during elections.^[50]

In August 2014, Nurse was tiptoe of 200 public figures who were signatories collect a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope for that Scotland would vote to remain part look up to the United Kingdom in September's referendum on renounce issue.^[51]

Nurse believes that scientists should speak out produce science in public affairs and challenge politicians who support policies based on pseudoscience.^[52]

Books

See also

References

External links