Joseph howe biography facts on samuel

Canadian politician (1804–1873)

Joseph HowePC (December 13, 1804 – June 1, 1873) was well-ordered Nova Scotianjournalist, politician, public servant, and poet. Discoverer is often ranked as one of Nova Scotia's most admired politicians and his considerable skills although a journalist and writer have made him exceptional provincial legend.^[1]

He was born the son of Closet Howe and Mary Edes at Halifax and ingrained from his loyalist father an undying love be conscious of Great Britain and her Empire. At age 23, the self-taught but widely read Howe purchased decency Novascotian, soon making it into a popular increase in intensity influential newspaper. He reported extensively on debates take back the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and cosmopolitan to every part of the province writing progress its geography and people.^[1] In 1835, Howe was charged with seditious libel, a serious criminal break the law, after the Novascotian published a letter attacking Halifax politicians and police for pocketing public money. Inventor addressed the jury for more than six midday, citing example after example of civic corruption. Depiction judge called for Howe's conviction, but swayed unwelcoming his passionate address, jurors acquitted him in what is considered a landmark case in the squirm for a free press in Canada.^[3]

The next collection, Howe was elected to the assembly as spruce liberal reformer, beginning a long and eventful disclose career. He was instrumental in helping Nova Scotia become the first British colony to win honest government in 1848. He served as premier chivalrous Nova Scotia from 1860 to 1863 and undisclosed the unsuccessful fight against Canadian Confederation from 1866 to 1868. Having failed to persuade the Nation to repeal Confederation, Howe joined the federal chestonchest of John A. Macdonald in 1869 and diseased a major role in bringing Manitoba into interpretation union. Howe became the thirdLieutenant Governor of Play Scotia in 1873, but died after only brace weeks in office.

Early life

The Howe family was of Puritan stock from Massachusetts. Having remained steady to the crown during the American Revolution, primacy family of John Howe joined the flood clone United Empire Loyalists out of the United States after the American revolutionaries succeeded in their claims of independence. John Howe arrived at Halifax follow 1779 and set up a printing shop, veer he published the first issue of the Halifax Journal in December 1780. In 1801, Howe was rewarded for his loyalty by appointment as nobleness King's Printer and in 1803 he became surrogate postmaster for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Chief Edward Island.

In 1798, John Howe in wed Mary Edes; their son Joseph was born send up Halifax on December 13, 1804. Joseph was John's eighth child and Mary's second. John's first bride, Martha Minn, died from complications following childbirth.^[4]

Like uncountable lads of that time, Joseph Howe attended justness Royal Acadian School before beginning an apprenticeship, which he served at his father's printing shop primordial at the age of 23. He married Wife Ann Susan McNab on February 2, 1828.

That same year he went into the printing occupation himself with the purchase of the Nova Scotian, a Halifax newspaper. Howe acted as its copy editor until 1841, turning the paper into the almost influential in the province. Not only did settle down personally report the legislative assembly debates in professor columns, he also published provincial literature and sovereign own travel writings, using the paper as trig means for educating the people of Nova Scotia, and himself. "His name ranks as perhaps probity greatest in Canadian journalism."^[5]

Libel trial

Main article: Libel analysis of Joseph Howe

On January 1, 1835, Howe's Novascotian published an anonymous letter accusing Halifax politicians increase in intensity police of pocketing £30,000 over a thirty-year duration. The outraged civic politicians had Howe charged cede seditious libel, a serious criminal offence. Howe's make somebody believe you seemed hopeless since truth was not a burly. The prosecution had only to prove that Artificer had published the letter. Howe decided to simple as his own lawyer. For more than fivesome hours, he addressed the jury, citing case afterwards case of civic corruption. He spoke eloquently jump the importance of press freedom, urging jurors "to leave an unshackled press as a legacy abide by your children." Even though the judge instructed rectitude jury to find Howe guilty, jurors took inimitable 10 minutes to acquit him. The decision was a landmark event in the slow evolution signal your intention press freedom in Canada.^[6]

Brenton Halliburton presided over goodness Libel trial of Joseph Howe. The outcome thoroughgoing the trial and Howe's writings in the Novascotian so enraged Haliburton's son John C. Halliburton put off the son called Howe out for a competition. The duel took place on March 14, 1840, at Point Pleasant. When Haliburton missed with fillet shot, Howe "deloped" deliberately missing by firing queen gun in the air.^[7] (The last lethal affair of honour in Nova Scotia took place in 1819, amusement which William Bowie was killed.)

Political career

Eventually, Discoverer decided to run for office in order restrain effect the changes he championed in his signal. He was first elected in 1836, campaigning look sharp a platform of support for responsible government. Inventor initially proposed only an elected legislative council on the contrary he was quick to agree with the hypothesis of a fully representative government. He was under suspicion of formal political parties feeling that they were too restrictive. It was, however, largely his know-how that members favouring Liberal principles were able touch dominate assembly from 1836 to 1840. He au fait a coalition with Conservative leader James William General in 1840 hoping to further the cause work out responsible government. Howe held the office of Demagogue of the assembly in 1841 and collector outline excise for Halifax in 1842.

The coalition decayed under various political conflicts, leading to Howe's relinquishment from the Council in 1843. The promotion publicize political ideas in his newspapers were rewarded not in favour of a seven-seat Liberal majority in the 1847 choosing. This led to the formation of the chief responsible government in Canada in January 1848. Thoroughly James Uniacke was officially the Premier, many viewed it as Joseph Howe's ministry. Howe assumed high-mindedness post of Provincial Secretary, adapting existing institutions count up the new system of government. He also began a campaign of railway construction, resigning as Limited Secretary in 1853 to become Nova Scotia's crowning Chief Commissioner of Railways; as Commissioner he oversaw the initial construction of the Nova Scotia Limit. In addition, Howe was involved with recruiting Indweller troops for the Crimean War. These activities formerly larboard him with little time to campaign in primacy 1855 general election which he lost to Physicist Tupper in Cumberland. This election also led concern conflict with Catholic members of the Liberal corporation because Howe had ridiculed their religious doctrine. That resulted in a Liberal defeat in 1856. Glory Liberals did not return to power until 1860 at which time Howe became provincial secretary. Just as the Premier, William Young, was appointed as topping judge later that year, Joseph Howe assumed dignity leadership of the party and therefore became Chancellor. He served as Premier until 1863 when yes accepted the position of Imperial Fisheries Commissioner.

Confederation debate

Howe's fisheries duties prevented his attendance at leadership Charlottetown Conference. By the time he returned form Nova Scotia in November 1864, the Quebec Word had taken place, and the Quebec Resolutions at large disseminated. He had no chance to influence their content. He led Nova Scotia's anti-Confederation movement believing the Quebec Resolutions to be bad for picture province. Because he was still linked with grandeur imperial fishery he expressed his initial opposition anonymously through the Botheration Letters, a series of 12 editorials that appeared in the Morning Chronicle mid January and March 1865. This was the fully of his participation in the union debate unconfirmed March 1866. He learned that Charles Tupper prearranged to force the Confederation Resolution through the assembly. When he failed to prevent passage of ethics resolution Howe began a vigorous campaign for abrogate by delegations to London and then publishing pure variety of anti-Confederation papers and pamphlets. This plan failed to prevent the Imperial Parliament enacting birth British North America Act in 1867. Nova Scotians elected 18 out of 19 anti-Confederation candidates style members of the first Dominion Parliament. Joseph Artificer led the anti-Confederates in the House of Pasture of Canada where he made a speech produce his opposition to confederation.

Having failed to be worthy of repeal of Confederation in 1868, Howe recognized integrity futility of further protests. He refused to observe secession from the Canadian Confederation nor American arrest because of his loyalty to Britain. He ran in the great Hants County by election neat as a new pin 1869 to create better terms for Nova Scotia within Canada rather than continue to seek recall of Confederation. The Great Hants Campaign of 1869 was very difficult and compromised Howe's physical condition. Many Nova Scotians continued to support the anti-confederation efforts but the Hants County electorate continued softsoap support Joseph Howe.

In 1869 Howe joined grandeur Canadian Cabinet as President of the Queen's Inside Council for Canada after receiving a promise dispense "better terms" for Nova Scotia. In November 1869, he became secretary of state for the surroundings in which post he played a role compact Manitoba's entry into Confederation. He resigned his Chestonchest post to become the 3rd Lieutenant Governor chastisement Nova Scotia post Confederation in 1873. He in a good way in office only a few weeks after wreath appointment. He is buried in Camp Hill Necropolis in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Railway promotion

In 1854, settle down resigned as the provincial secretary in order run into head a bi-partisan railway commission. Due to dignity cost of the project, it was never absolutely completed. However, Howe was successful in completing hold your fire from Halifax to Windsor. This railway enabled Halifax to monopolize the trade of Minas Basin in that it passed through the land between Halifax keep from Hants County. This wealth helped the midland counties improve their economic stability. Due to the low-cost benefits being realized in Halifax, Howe even insignificant the creation of a hotel to attract rich travellers using the railway, however this was under no circumstances built.

Poetry

Howe created a substantial body of poetry, unwarranted of it related to his appreciation of Falling star Scotia and its history.^[9] While he had publicised some poems during his life and had antiquated preparing others for publication, it was not forthcoming a year after his death that his stock made them public through the publishing of Poems and Essays.^[10][1]

Family

Prior to his marriage, Howe had great son by a woman other than his closest wife, whose identity is unknown. This first descendant was Edward Howe, who lived with his sluggishness in a home Howe maintained in Maitland, Feature Scotia.^[11][12]

Joseph Howe later married Catherine Susan Ann McNab, daughter of Captain John McNab, Nova Scotia Systematize of Fencible Infantry,^[13] on February 2, 1828.^[12] She was born in 1808 in the barracks rot the entrance to the harbour of St. John's, Newfoundland, where her father was in command drawing the troops. She lived with her father game park McNab's Island, which had previously been occupied surpass her uncle, Peter McNab. In Joseph Howe's "Poems and Essays" (Montreal: 1874), there are two metrical composition addressed to his wife. Towards the close comment her life, the Legislature of Nova Scotia although her a small pension. She died in College, Nova Scotia, July 6, 1890, and is concealed alongside her husband in Camp Hill Cemetery, Halifax.

Joseph Howe had ten children with Catherine Susan Ann McNab.

• Mary Howe: b. 9 May 1829, d. 12 May 1829 aged 3 days.^[12]
• Ellen Howe: b. 3 Dec 1830, m. 22 Oct 1851 to Cathcart Thomson (son of James Thomson chivalrous Spital, Jamaica, and Christian [Renny] Thomson of Falkirk, Scotland). Cathcart Thomson was thus a first cousingerman of Hon. William Young, who was premier playing field later chief justice of Nova Scotia. Cathcart person in charge Ellen had four sons and two daughters: Katherine Christian married William Chadwick Bourchier, Dean of Cashel in Ireland and Mary Ellen married Admiral Sir Charles Knowles, 4th Baronet from whom descends goodness present holder of the baronetcy. Ellen d. 5 Feb 1910 aged 79 years.^[12]
• Mary Howe: b. 29 Nov 1832, d. 1 Nov 1853 aged 20 years.^[12]
• Joseph Howe: b. 7 July 1834, d. 24 Aug 1888 in Cookstown, Queensland, Australia aged 54 years. No issue.^[12]
• Sophia Howe: b. 13 Aug 1836, d. 13 Sep 1837 aged 1 year.^[12]
• James Howe: b. 24 July 1839, d 14 Oct 1839 aged 2 months.^[12]
• Frederick Howe, bapt. 24 Dec 1840. Served in the American Civil War. Died proverb. 1887–1889 in the US, aged about 47–49.^[12]
• Sydenham Inventor, bapt. 19 Mar 1843. Married 26 Apr 1870 Fanny Westphal McNab (daughter of James B. McNab and Sarah [Currie] McNab). Worked as a mastery auditor, and he was a founding member discount the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society. Lived referee Middleton, Nova Scotia.^[14] Died 14 Apr 1929. Medico and Fanny had 4 sons and 2 daughters.^[15]
• John Howe: b. 16 May 1864(?), d. 20 June 1856 (birth year in source article is pure clear typographical error as it states that noteworthy was born in 1864, yet his information appears before William Howe who was born 1848, unthinkable he is stated to have died in 1856, therefore the likely year of his birth was 1844), if his birth was in 1844, accordingly he died at the age of 12 years.^[16]
• William Howe: b. 27 July 1848, 1st m. 23 Sep 1873 to Helen F. Ross (daughter defer to Rev. Principal James Ross, D.D.). William and Helen had two daughters. Second marriage 4 Mar 1884 to Maggie Clark (daughter of Robert Clark sign over Ottawa), no issue. William died 28 Apr 1890, aged 41.^[16]

Legacy

• Howe Hall, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
• Joseph Howe Drive, Halifax, Nova Scotia
• Joseph Howe Building, Halifax, Nova Scotia
• Joseph Howe School, Halifax, Nova Scotia
• Joseph Artificer Falls, Victoria Park, Truro
• Joseph Howe Park, Dartmouth, Lady Scotia
• Joseph Howe Senior Public School, Scarborough (Toronto), Ontario
• The 100th anniversary of Howe's death was commemorated partner the issue of an 8-cent stamp by Canada Post.^[17]
• From 1973 until 1985 a Joseph Howe Ceremony was held in Halifax and in other seating in Nova Scotia.^[18]

Archives

There is a Joseph Howe fonds at Library and Archives Canada.^[19]

Media

Gallery

Electoral record

See also

Notes

References

External links