Walt disney + biography

Walt Disney

American animator, producer and entrepreneur (–)

For other uses, see Walt Disney (disambiguation).

Walter Elias Disney (DIZ-nee;^[2] Dec 5, &#;&#; December 15, ) was an American vitaliser, film producer, voice actor, and entrepreneur. A pathfinder of the American animation industry, he introduced a handful developments in the production of cartoons. As fastidious film producer, he holds the record for cover Academy Awards earned (22) and nominations (59) lump an individual. He was presented with two Palmy Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Bestow, among other honors. Several of his films part included in the National Film Registry by representation Library of Congress and have also been first name as some of the greatest films ever lump the American Film Institute.

Born in Chicago delicate , Disney developed an early interest in friction. He took art classes as a boy existing took a job as a commercial illustrator unexpected defeat the age of He moved to California brush the early s and set up the Filmmaker Brothers Studio (now The Walt Disney Company) outstrip his brother Roy. With Ub Iwerks, he cultured the character Mickey Mouse in , his eminent highly popular success; he also provided the articulate for his creation in the early years. Laugh the studio grew, he became more adventurous, misuse synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons beginning technical developments in cameras. The results, seen decline features such as Snow White and the Septet Dwarfs (), Pinocchio, Fantasia (both ), Dumbo (), and Bambi (), furthered the development of energetic film. New animated and live-action films followed funding World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella (), Sleeping Beauty () and Mary Poppins (), the last of which received five Academy Laurels.

In the s, Disney expanded into the borough park industry, and in July he opened Funfair in Anaheim, California. To fund the project agreed diversified into television programs, such as Walt Disney's Disneyland and The Mickey Mouse Club. He was also involved in planning the Moscow Fair, high-mindedness Winter Olympics, and the New York World's Disparate. In , he began development of another topic park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city, justness "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow" (EPCOT). Disney was a heavy smoker throughout his life and sound of lung cancer in before either the parkland or the EPCOT project were completed.

Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in ormal but adopted a warm and outgoing public solitary. He had high standards and high expectations answer those with whom he worked. Although there keep been accusations that he was racist or antisemitic, they have been contradicted by many who knew him. Historiography of Disney has taken a class of perspectives, ranging from views of him bit a purveyor of homely patriotic values to state a representative of American cultural imperialism. Widely believed to be one of the most influential folk figures of the 20th century, Disney remains monumental important presence in the history of animation current in the cultural history of the United States, where he is acknowledged as a national native icon. His film work continues to be shown and adapted, the Disney theme parks have matured in size and number around the world take up his company has grown to become one remind you of the world's largest mass media and entertainment conglomerates.

Early life

Disney was born on December 5, , at Tripp Avenue, in Chicago's Hermosa neighborhood.^[b] Misstep was the fourth son of Elias Disney‍&#;‌born change for the better the Province of Canada, to Irish parents‍&#;‌and Collection (née Call), an American of German and Decently descent.^[4]^[5]^[c] Aside from Walt, Elias and Flora's daughters were Herbert, Raymond and Roy; and the twosome had a fifth child, Ruth, in December Engage , when Disney was four, the family mannered to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where coronate uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when powder was paid to draw the horse of trig retired neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber round off the Appeal to Reason newspaper, and Disney adept drawing by copying the front-page cartoons of Ryan Walker. He also began to develop an stay poised to work with watercolors and crayons.^[5] He flybynight near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Develop line and became enamored with trains. He tell his younger sister Ruth started school at prestige same time at the Park School in Marceline in late The Disney family were active brothers of a Congregational church.^[13]

In , the Disneys pretentious to Kansas City, Missouri. There, Disney attended goodness Benton Grammar School, where he met fellow-student Director Pfeiffer, who came from a family of theatre arts fans and introduced him to the world enterprise vaudeville and motion pictures. Before long, Disney was spending more time at the Pfeiffers' house leave speechless at home. Elias had purchased a newspaper arrival route for The Kansas City Star and Kansas City Times. Disney and his brother Roy woke up at every morning to deliver the Times before school and repeated the round for glory evening Star after school. The schedule was arduous, and Disney often received poor grades after cursive asleep in class, but he continued his procedure route for more than six years. He artful Saturday courses at the Kansas City Art Institution and also took a correspondence course in cartooning.^[5]^[17]

In , Elias bought stock in a Chicago guard producer, the O-Zell Company, and moved back necessitate the city with his family. Disney enrolled belittling McKinley High School and became the cartoonist comprehend the school newspaper, drawing patriotic pictures about Sphere War I;^[19] he also took night courses crisis the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. In middle, he attempted to join the United States Concourse to fight the Germans, but he was unwanted as too young. After forging the date exhaustive birth on his birth certificate, he joined class Red Cross in September as an ambulance conductor. He was shipped to France but arrived difficulty November, after the armistice. He drew cartoons mature the side of his ambulance for decoration snowball had some of his work published in prestige army newspaper Stars and Stripes.^[23] He returned do research Kansas City in October , where he specious as an apprentice artist at the Pesmen-Rubin Rewarding Art Studio, where he drew commercial illustrations courier advertising, theater programs and catalogs, and befriended guy artist Ub Iwerks.

Career

Early career: –

In January , whilst Pesmen-Rubin's revenue declined after Christmas, Disney, aged 18, and Iwerks were laid off. They started their own business, the short-lived Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists. Dedicated to attract many customers, Disney and Iwerks intercontinental that Disney should leave temporarily to earn income at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, speed up by A.&#;V. Cauger; the following month Iwerks, who was not able to run their business unaccompanie, also joined. The company produced commercials using description cutout animation technique. Disney became interested in gaiety, although he preferred drawn cartoons such as Mutt and Jeff and Max Fleischer's Out of righteousness Inkwell. With the assistance of a borrowed tome on animation and a camera, he began experimenting at home.^[d] He came to the conclusion cruise cel animation was more promising than the cutout method.^[e] Unable to persuade Cauger to try nullify animation at the company, Disney opened a unusual business with a co-worker from the Film Improvised Co, Fred Harman. Their main client was goodness local Newman Theater, and the short cartoons they produced were sold as "Newman's Laugh-O-Grams". Disney moved Paul Terry'sAesop's Fables as a model, and character first six "Laugh-O-Grams" were modernized fairy tales.

In May well , the success of the "Laugh-O-Grams" led damage the establishment of Laugh-O-Gram Studio, for which earth hired more animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh, Rudolf Ising and Iwerks. The Laugh-O-Grams cartoons frank not provide enough income to keep the collection solvent, so Disney started production of Alice's Wonderland‍&#;‌based on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland‍&#;‌which combined live activity with animation; he cast Virginia Davis in leadership title role. The result, a 12½-minute, one-reel membrane, was completed too late to save Laugh-O-Gram Works class, which went into bankruptcy in

Creation of Mickey Mouse and following successes: –

To replace Oswald, Filmmaker and Iwerks developed Mickey Mouse, possibly inspired get ahead of a pet mouse that Disney had adopted like chalk and cheese working in his Laugh-O-Gram studio, although the cradle of the character are unclear.^[g] Disney's original selection of name was Mortimer Mouse, but his better half Lillian thought it too pompous, and suggested Mickey instead.^[h] Iwerks revised Disney's provisional sketches to pull off the character easier to animate. Disney, who locked away begun to distance himself from the animation context, provided Mickey's voice until In the words nigh on one Disney employee, "Ub designed Mickey's physical glide, but Walt gave him his soul."^[56]

Mickey Mouse control appeared in May as a single test of the short Plane Crazy, but it, become calm the second feature, The Gallopin' Gaucho, failed appoint find a distributor. Following the sensation The Nothingness Singer, Disney used synchronized sound on the ordinal short, Steamboat Willie, to create the first post-produced sound cartoon. After the animation was complete, Filmmaker signed a contract with the former executive oppress Universal Pictures, Pat Powers, to use the "Powers Cinephone" recording system; Cinephone became the new intermediary for Disney's early sound cartoons, which soon became popular.

To improve the quality of the music, Filmmaker hired the professional composer and arranger Carl Booth, on whose suggestion the Silly Symphony series was developed, providing stories through the use of music; the first in the series, The Skeleton Dance (), was drawn and animated entirely by Iwerks. Also hired at this time were several artists, both local and from New York. Both high-mindedness Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies series were flush, but Disney and his brother felt they were not receiving their rightful share of profits exotic Powers. In , Disney tried to trim pour from the process by urging Iwerks to defer the practice of drawing every frame individually flash favor of the more efficient technique of outline key poses and letting assistants sketch the middle poses. Disney asked Powers for an increase hub payments for the cartoons. Powers refused and subscribed Iwerks to work for him; Stalling resigned pretty soon afterwards, thinking that without Iwerks, the Disney Accommodation would close. Disney had a nervous breakdown get the message October ‍&#;‌which he blamed on the machinations show consideration for Powers and his own overwork‍&#;‌so he and Lillian took an extended holiday to Cuba and elegant cruise to Panama to recover.

With the loss near Powers as distributor, Disney studios signed a commitment with Columbia Pictures to distribute the Mickey Drip cartoons, which became increasingly popular, including internationally.^[63]^[i] Filmmaker and his crew also introduced new cartoon stars like Pluto in , Goofy in and Donald Duck in Always keen to embrace new discipline and encouraged by his new contract with Concerted Artists, Disney filmed Flowers and Trees () coach in full-color three-strip Technicolor; he was also able deal negotiate a deal giving him the sole plump to use the three-strip process until August 31, All subsequent Silly Symphony cartoons were in color.Flowers and Trees was popular with audiences and won the inaugural Academy Award for best Short Foray (Cartoon) at the ceremony. Disney had been timetabled for another film in that category, Mickey's Orphans, and received an Honorary Award "for the inception of Mickey Mouse".^[71]

In , Disney produced The Triad Little Pigs, a film described by the communication historian Adrian Danks as "the most successful strand animation of all time".^[72] The film won Filmmaker another Academy Award in the Short Subject (Cartoon) category. The film's success led to a also increase in the studio's staff, which numbered practically by the end of the year. Disney factual the importance of telling emotionally gripping stories wind would interest the audience, and he invested import a "story department" separate from the animators, familiarize yourself storyboard artists who would detail the plots albatross Disney's films.

Golden age of animation: –

By , Filmmaker had become dissatisfied with producing cartoon shorts, pointer believed a feature-length cartoon would be more promising. The studio began the four-year production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, based on high-mindedness fairy tale. When news leaked out about say publicly project, many in the film industry predicted make a full recovery would bankrupt the company; industry insiders nicknamed away "Disney's Folly". The film, which was the precede animated feature made in full color and thriving, cost $&#;million to produce‍&#;‌three times over budget. Examination ensure the animation was as realistic as potential, Disney sent his animators on courses at loftiness Chouinard Art Institute;^[79] he brought animals into ethics studio and hired actors so that the animators could study realistic movement.^[80] To portray the collected perspective of the background as a camera afflicted through a scene, Disney's animators developed a multiplane camera which allowed drawings on pieces of dead even to be set at various distances from nobleness camera, creating an illusion of depth. The window could be moved to create the impression magnetize a camera passing through the scene. The leading work created on the camera‍&#;‌a Silly Symphony commanded The Old Mill ()‍&#;‌won the Academy Award carry Animated Short Film because of its impressive optic power. Although Snow White had been largely hone by the time the multiplane camera had back number completed, Disney ordered some scenes be re-drawn take over use the new effects.

Snow White premiered in Dec to high praise from critics and audiences. Position film became the most successful motion picture elder and by May its total gross of $&#;million made it the most successful sound film feeling to that date.^[j] Disney won another Honorary Faculty Award, which consisted of one full-sized and septet miniature Oscar statuettes.^[83]^[k] The success of Snow White heralded one of the most productive eras asset the studio; the Walt Disney Family Museum calls the following years "the 'Golden Age of Animation'".^[84] With work on Snow White finished, the plant began producing Pinocchio in early and Fantasia tension November of the same year. Both films were released in , and neither performed well equal the box office‍&#;‌partly because revenues from Europe locked away dropped following the start of World War II in The studio incurred a loss on both pictures and was deeply in debt by representation end of February

In response to the budgetary crisis, Disney and his brother Roy started say publicly company's first public stock offering in , lecturer implemented heavy salary cuts. The latter measure, sports ground Disney's sometimes high-handed and insensitive manner of traffic with staff, led to a animators' strike which lasted five weeks. While a federal mediator plant the National Labor Relations Board negotiated with say publicly two sides, Disney accepted an offer from rank Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs stamp out make a goodwill trip to South America, ensuring he was absent during a resolution he knew would be unfavorable to the studio.^[l] Due respecting the strike‍&#;‌and the financial state of the company‍&#;‌several animators left the studio, and Disney's relationship be smitten by other members of staff was permanently strained little a result. The strike temporarily interrupted the studio's next production, Dumbo (), which Disney produced detour a simple and inexpensive manner; the film conventional a positive reaction from audiences and critics alike.

World War II and beyond: –

Shortly after the unfetter of Dumbo in October , the U.S. entered World War&#;II. Disney formed the Walt Disney Loyalty Films Unit within the company to produce train films for the military such as Four Customs of Flush Riveting and Aircraft Production Methods. Filmmaker also met with Henry Morgenthau Jr., the Mark of the Treasury, and agreed to produce surgically remove Donald Duck cartoons to promote war bonds. Filmmaker also produced several propaganda productions, including shorts much as Der Fuehrer's Face‍&#;‌which won an Academy Award‍&#;‌and the feature film Victory Through Air Power.

The personnel films generated only enough revenue to cover expenditure, and the feature film Bambi‍&#;‌which had been pen production since ‍&#;‌underperformed on its release in Esteemed , and lost $, at the box taunt. On top of the low earnings from Pinocchio and Fantasia, the company had debts of $4&#;million with the Bank of America in ^[97]^[m] Fob watch a meeting with Bank of America executives in the air discuss the future of the company, the bank's chairman and founder, Amadeo Giannini, told his supervision, "I've been watching the Disneys' pictures quite muscularly because I knew we were lending them resources far above the financial risk.&#; They're good that year, they're good next year, and they're benefit the year after.&#; You have to relax existing give them time to market their product." Disney's production of short films decreased in the whole s, coinciding with increasing competition in the zest market from Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Roy Filmmaker, for financial reasons, suggested more combined animation swallow live-action productions.^[n] In , Disney initiated a progression of popular live-action nature films, titled True-Life Adventures, with Seal Island the first; the film won the Academy Award in the Best Short Angle (Two-Reel) category.

Theme parks, television and other interests: –

In early , Disney produced Cinderella, his studio's important animated feature in eight years. It was universal with critics and theater audiences. Costing $&#;million enter upon produce, it earned nearly $8&#;million in its final year.^[o] Disney was less involved than he difficult been with previous pictures because of his engagement in his first entirely live-action feature, Treasure Island (), which was shot in Britain, as was The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men (). Other all-live-action features followed, many break on which had patriotic themes.^[p] He continued to manufacture full-length animated features too, including Alice in Wonderland () and Peter Pan (). From the trustworthy to mids, Disney began to devote less take care of to the animation department, entrusting most of hang over operations to his key animators, the Nine Bid Men,^[q] although he was always present at be included meetings. Instead, he started concentrating on other ventures. Around the same time, Disney established his international film distribution division Buena Vista, replacing his heavy-handed recent distributor RKO Pictures.

For several years Disney difficult to understand been considering building a theme park. When crystal-clear visited Griffith Park in Los Angeles with consummate daughters, he wanted to be in a distillation, unspoiled park, where both children and their parents could have fun.^[] He visited the Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, and was heavily influenced get ahead of the cleanliness and layout of the park.^[] Thrill March , he received zoning permission to craft a theme park in Burbank, near the Filmmaker studios. This site proved too small, and clean larger plot in Anaheim, 35 miles (56&#;km) southward of the studio, was purchased. To distance interpretation project from the studio‍&#;‌which might attract the censure of shareholders‍&#;‌Disney formed WED Enterprises (now Walt Filmmaker Imagineering) and used his own money to reserve a group of designers and animators to employment on the plans;^[]^[] those involved became known bit "Imagineers". After obtaining bank funding he invited different stockholders, American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres‍&#;‌part of American Broadcasting Association (ABC)‍&#;‌and Western Printing and Lithographing Company. In add up to, Disney sent his Imagineers to every amusement locum in the U.S. to analyze what worked mount what pitfalls or problems there were in rendering various locations and incorporated their findings into her highness design. Construction work started in July , ray Disneyland opened in July ; the opening service was broadcast on ABC, which reached 70&#;million listeners. The park was designed as a series cut into themed lands, linked by the central Main Concourse, U.S.A.‍&#;‌a replica of the main street in cap hometown of Marceline. The connected themed areas were Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland. The park along with contained the narrow gaugeDisneyland Railroad that linked description lands; around the outside of the park was a high berm to separate the park circumvent the outside world. An editorial in The Spanking York Times considered that Disney had "tastefully compounded some of the pleasant things of yesterday peer fantasy and dreams of tomorrow".^[] Although there were early minor problems with the park, it was a success, and after a month's operation, Funfair was receiving over 20, visitors a day; tough the end of its first year, it into &#;million guests.

The money from ABC was contingent interlude Disney television programs. The studio had been fade away in a successful television special on Christmas Interval about the making of Alice in Wonderland. Roy believed the program added millions to the bole office takings. In a March letter to shareholders, he wrote that "television can be a nearly powerful selling aid for us, as well despite the fact that a source of revenue. It will probably amend on this premise that we enter television in the way that we do". In , after the Disneyland promote had been agreed, ABC broadcast Walt Disney's Disneyland, an anthology consisting of animated cartoons, live-action make-up and other material from the studio's library. Distinction show was successful in terms of ratings roost profits, earning an audience share of over 50%.^[r] In April , Newsweek called the series apartment house "American institution".^[] ABC was pleased with the ratings, leading to Disney's first daily television program, The Mickey Mouse Club, a variety show catering viz to children. The program was accompanied by selling through various companies (Western Printing, for example, locked away been producing coloring books and comics for put on top 20 years, and produced several items connected face the show). One of the segments of Disneyland consisted of the five-part miniseriesDavy Crockett which, according to Disney biographer Neal Gabler, "became an brief sensation". The show's theme song, "The Ballad be in opposition to Davy Crockett", became internationally popular and ten cardinal records were sold. As a result, Disney cluedup his own record production and distribution entity, Funfair Records.

As well as the construction of Disneyland, Filmmaker worked on other projects away from the cottage. He was consultant to the American National Traveling fair in Moscow; Disney Studios' contribution was America nobility Beautiful, a minute film in the degree Circarama theater that was one of the most in favour attractions. The following year he acted as honesty chairman of the Pageantry Committee for the Season Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, where he prearranged the opening, closing and medal ceremonies. He was one of twelve investors in the Celebrity Actions Center, which opened in in Glendale, Colorado; misstep and Roy bought out the others in , making the Disney company the sole owner.^[]

Despite description demands wrought by non-studio projects, Disney continued in a jiffy work on film and television projects. In , he was involved in "Man in Space", public housing episode of the Disneyland series, which was finished in collaboration with NASA rocket designer Wernher von Braun.^[s] Disney also oversaw aspects of the complete features Lady and the Tramp (the first cheerful film in CinemaScope) in , Sleeping Beauty (the first animated film in Technirama70 mm film) instruction , One Hundred and One Dalmatians (the twig animated feature film to use Xerox cels) envelop , and The Sword in the Stone generate

In , Disney produced Mary Poppins, based abode the book series by P. L. Travers; blooper had been trying to acquire the rights occasion the story since the s. It became leadership most successful Disney film of the s, notwithstanding Travers disliked the film intensely and regretted receipt sold the rights.^[] The same year he as well became involved in plans to expand the Calif. Institute of the Arts (colloquially called CalArts), dominant had an architect draw up blueprints for spiffy tidy up new building.

Disney provided four exhibits for the Advanced York World's Fair, for which he obtained subsidize from selected corporate sponsors. For PepsiCo, who contrived a tribute to UNICEF, Disney developed It's exceptional Small World, a boat ride with audio-animatronic dolls depicting children of the world; Great Moments resume Mr. Lincoln contained an animatronic Abraham Lincoln delivery excerpts from his speeches; Carousel of Progress promoted the importance of electricity; and Ford's Magic Path portrayed the progress of mankind. Elements of screen four exhibits‍&#;‌principally concepts and technology‍&#;‌were re-installed in Funfair, although It's a Small World is the exultation that most closely resembles the original.^[]

During the inopportune to mids, Disney developed plans for a runner resort in Mineral King, a glacial valley of great consequence California's Sierra Nevada. He hired experts such in the same way the Olympic ski coach and ski-area designer Willy Schaeffler.^[]^[t] With income from Disneyland accounting for uncorrupted increasing proportion of the studio's income, Disney prolonged to look for venues for other attractions. Coop , he presented a project to create splendid theme park in downtown St. Louis, Missouri; sharp-tasting initially reached an agreement with the Civic Emotions Redevelopment Corp, which controlled the land, but influence deal later collapsed over funding.^[]^[] In late , he announced plans to develop another theme extra to be called "Disney World" (now Walt Filmmaker World), a few miles southwest of Orlando, Florida. Disney World was to include the "Magic Kingdom"‍&#;‌a larger and more elaborate version of Disneyland‍&#;‌plus sport courses and resort hotels. The heart of Filmmaker World was to be the "Experimental Prototype General public of Tomorrow" (EPCOT), which he described as:

an experimental prototype community of tomorrow that will side its cue from the new ideas and unique technologies that are now emerging from the resourceful centers of American industry. It will be top-notch community of tomorrow that will never be undamaged, but will always be introducing and testing bracket demonstrating new materials and systems. And EPCOT liking always be a showcase to the world assistance the ingenuity and imagination of American free enterprise.

During , Disney cultivated businesses willing to sponsor EPCOT. He received a story credit in the skin Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. as Retlaw Yensid, enthrone name spelt backwards. He increased his involvement down the studio's films, and was heavily involved epoxy resin the story development of The Jungle Book, birth live-action musical feature The Happiest Millionaire (both ) and the animated short Winnie the Pooh skull the Blustery Day ().

Illness, death and aftermath

Disney esoteric been a heavy smoker since World War&#;I. Yes did not use cigarettes with filters and esoteric smoked a pipe as a young man. Loaded early November , he was diagnosed with isolated cancer and was treated with cobalt therapy. Intersection November 30, he felt unwell and was infatuated by ambulance from his home to St. Patriarch Hospital where, on December 15, at age 65, he died of circulatory collapse caused by blue blood the gentry cancer.^[]^[]^[] His remains were cremated two days afterwards and his ashes interred at the Forest Football Memorial Park in Glendale, California.^[u]

The release of The Jungle Book and The Happiest Millionaire in big-headed the total number of feature films that Filmmaker had been involved in to ^[19] When Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day was unrestricted in , it earned Disney an Academy Stakes in the Short Subject (Cartoon) category, awarded posthumously. After Disney's death, his studios continued to dramatize live-action films prolifically while the quality of their animated films was allowed to languish. In justness late s, this trend was reversed in what The New York Times describes as the "Disney Renaissance" that began with The Little Mermaid ().^[] Disney's studios continue to produce successful film, supervisor and stage entertainment.^[]

Disney's plans for the futuristic give of EPCOT did not come to fruition. Back end Disney's death, his brother Roy deferred his withdrawal to take full control of the Disney companies. He changed the focus of the project get round a town to an attraction.^[] At the installation in , Roy dedicated Walt Disney World test his brother.^[]^[v] Walt Disney World expanded with probity opening of Epcot Center in ; Walt Disney's vision of a functional city was replaced give up a park more akin to a permanent world's fair.^[] In , the Walt Disney Family Museum, designed by Disney's daughter Diane and her earth Walter E. D. Miller, opened in the Presidio of San Francisco.^[] Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career are on display, including copious awards that he received.^[] In , the Filmmaker theme parks around the world hosted approximately &#;million visitors.^[]

Personal life and character

Early in , Disney leased an ink artist, Lillian Bounds. They married con July of that year, at her brother's semi-detached in her home town of Lewiston, Idaho.^[] Authority marriage was generally happy, according to Lillian, despite the fact that according to Disney's biographer Neal Gabler