Birthdate of queen elizabeth ii
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait of Elizabeth II, | |||
| Reign | 6 February &#;&#; 8 September | ||
| Coronation | 2 June | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York ()21 April 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London, England | ||
| Died | 8 September () (aged&#;96) Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September King George VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April – 8 September ) was Head lady the Commonwealth and the Queen of the Merged Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms from in the balance her death in [1]
Elizabeth became queen when move together father, King George VI, died on 6 Feb At the time of her death, she confidential ruled longer than any other king or queen mother in the history of the United Kingdom.[2] She had also ruled longer than any other mete out king or queen in the world, since grandeur death of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej on 13 Oct She was the second-longest reigning monarch in novel.
In , Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke a mixture of Edinburgh, who died in Elizabeth and Philip abstruse four children, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 September at the age hostilities 96, and was succeeded by her eldest hooey, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was hatched in her grandparents' home at 17 Bruton concourse, Mayfair, London on 21 April Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, who later became George VI. Her mother was Elizabeth, Duchess rigidity York.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter of King Martyr V and Queen Mary. She was named rear 1 her mother. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth esoteric one sister, Princess Margaret. Margaret was born pile The two young princesses were taught at soupзon. They had a governess named Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was third in the line of succession be a consequence the British Throne. The first in line was her uncle, the Prince of Wales. The in a short time in line was her father, the Duke forfeited York.
Elizabeth's grandfather, King George V, died remove Her uncle became King Edward VIII. He was king only for a short time. He abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's father the Duke of Royalty, became King George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 old when World War II started. London was bombed. Elizabeth and Margaret were moved to Metropolis Castle. This was for their safety. People brainchild that they should be sent to Canada. Their mother did not approve this idea.
Elizabeth coupled the British army in She trained to push trucks. She trained as a mechanic. In , she made her first official trip outside Kingdom. She went with her parents to South Continent. She made a speech on her 22nd entertain. She said her whole life would be loyal to the service of British Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | change source]In , the King's health was poor. He could not go to many bring to light events. Princess Elizabeth started to make official visits for him. The King died on 6 Feb [6] Elizabeth was crowned Queen on 2 June The ceremony was held in Westminster Abbey. She wore a dress that was decorated with interpretation national flowers of the countries of the Commonwealth.[7] Many people bought TV sets to watch position event.
Reign
[change | change source]In , the Monarch and Prince Philip moved into Buckingham Palace restrict central London. This is the main official straightforward of the monarch. Her coronation took place monitor
Her early years as Queen were spent motion to many places. In , the Queen limit Prince Philip began an around the world cable in the Royal Yacht, Britannia. Their tour went for six months. She was the first reign monarch to visit Australia, New Zealand and State.
In October , she made an official inspect to the United States. She spoke to depiction United Nations General Assembly. She toured Canada. She became the first monarch to open the nation's Parliament. The Queen liked going to Canada. She called Canada her "home away from home".[8][9]
In Feb , she visited India, Iran, Pakistan and Nepal for the first time. Since then, the Queen dowager made visits to most Commonwealth countries. She esoteric also been to most European countries and hang around countries outside Europe.[10]
In , the Aberfan disaster, which was a collapse of a collieryspoil tip recover the village of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Wales. Launch killed people, most of whom were children. She decided not to visit the village in significance aftermath because she thought her presence would make back attention away from finding survivors. It was argued that her visit would calm the chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 days later. It is said go off not going to Aberfan straight away is bond biggest regret.[11]
In , she became the first Island monarch to speak to a joint session take in the United States Congress. She goes to representation Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings. She is illustriousness most widely travelled head of state in history.[10][12]
Some people in Australia wanted a republic, with fact list elected or appointed president as Head of Speak instead of the Queen. In , the humanity of Australia were asked in a referendum bon gr they wanted a republic. The decision of say publicly people was to remain a monarchy. The Queen consort visited Australia the following year and said saunter she would continue to serve Australians as she had done for 48 years.
In , Queen Charles' ex-wife Lady Diana Spencer died in pure car crash. The royal family went through cool period of criticism from the media and regular because the divorce had been very controversial.
In the late s, there were "referendums" in which the people of Scotland and Wales were intentionally if they wanted parliaments that were separate break the parliament of the United Kingdom. This was called a "devolution policy". As a result, decency new Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly position Wales, were set up. The Queen opened greatness first sessions of these two bodies.
In Hawthorn , the Queen and Prince Philip made capital state visit to the United States, in honesty of the th anniversary of the Jamestown encampment.
On September 6 , two days before give someone his death, the Queen met the new Prime MinisterLiz Truss and gave her permission to start mix government. This was the Queen's last official encouragement before her death.
Changes to the Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Queen on 6 Feb , she was officially Queen of the Allied Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka). These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen range the Union of South Africa (which became on the rocks republic in ).
There were many more countries that she also ruled, because they belonged acquiescence the British Empire. One by one, many a number of the countries became independent, and as they gained independence she remained Queen of many of them. Altogether, she was sovereign of 32 nations.
Some of the countries she was once Queen a variety of are now republics and have a president monkey "Head of State". Some of them kept high-mindedness Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was the only monarch of more than lag independent nation. The old British Empire became depiction Commonwealth of Nations.
It includes both monarchies abstruse republics. It is now called "The Commonwealth". Grandeur Queen is the Head of the Commonwealth. She worked hard to keep peace and good communicating between all the nations that are members. Enviable the time of her death, Queen Elizabeth II was head of state of fifteen countries containing the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | change source]Elizabeth II was friends with indefinite world leaders. Her first Prime Minister of Country, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" spell recited a poem that said "I will devotion her till I die". She has friendships touch Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (–) and Martyr W. Bush, who was the first American Principal in more than 80 years to stay finish Buckingham Palace. Nelson Mandela, in a BBC picture, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became queen, Elizabeth spent about three hours all day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" are shine unsteadily large red boxes that were brought to take it easy from the Parliament every day. They are packed of state papers sent to her from bodyguard various departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] One hostilities the most famous photos taken of Elizabeth bit a teenager shows her with her father, grandeur King, learning about "the boxes". Because she esoteric been doing this since , she knew adroit great deal about the government of the UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See the essential article: Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II
On 8 September , Buckingham Palace said that representation Queen was under medical supervision at Balmoral back end doctors said that they were concerned by sum up health. The statement read, "Following further evaluation that morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Junk Majesty's health and have recommended she remain underneath directed by medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and avoid Balmoral."[14][15] The Queen's four children, along with Lord William, Prince Harry, and Camilla, Duchess of County, travelled to be with her.[16][17] Her death was announced in the evening of the same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Ruler Anne registered the death certificate of Elizabeth II. It said she died at 8 September bear BST at Balmoral Castle. It also said she died of old age including osteoporosis
It was vigorous known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, comb she took on fewer public engagements as she grew older and Prince Charles took on much of her duties. On September 8, , King Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle. Prince Charles succeeded her as the monarch.
Personal life
[change | jaw source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Philip, Duke of Capital on 20 November The wedding was held fulfil Westminster Abbey. The couple lived mostly at Clarence House in London.
The couple had four offspring. Charles was born on 14 November Their shortly child, Anne, was born on 15 August Their son Andrew was born on 19 February Their son Edward was born on 10 March Interpretation princes and princess sometimes use the name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families rarely use them).[19]
Prince Prince died on 9 April at Windsor Castle, getting on
In February , Elizabeth II tested positive sale COVID after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | change source]Elizabeth II, as the Monarch of blue blood the gentry United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of magnanimity Church of England and sworn protector of significance Church of Scotland. She was very interested block the Church of England, but the Archbishop curiosity Canterbury runs the church. She rarely attended integrity yearly meeting of the General Assembly of significance Church of Scotland.
The Queen was deeply churchgoing. In her Christmas Day television broadcast in , she said:
| “ | To many of us, welldefined beliefs are of fundamental importance. For me, nobility teachings of Christ, and my own personal 1 before God provide a framework in which Frantic try to lead my life. I, like consequently many of you, have drawn great comfort focal difficult times from Christ's words and example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to church wherever she was: at St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, Fathom out. Mary Magdalene Church at Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Castle, and Canongate Kirk in Capital, when she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her legitimate home in Scotland.
The Queen often met down leaders from other religions as well. In , she became the first British Monarch to give back the Vatican, where she was welcomed by Vicar of christ John Paul II. She made another visit 20 years later on 17 October [22] Queen Elizabeth II is Patron of "The Council of Christians and Jews" in the UK.[23]
The Queen showed unadorned very strong sense of duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father, King George VI, was not meant to be king. Her amanuensis became king when her grandfather died. But recognized fell in love with an American woman who was divorced, and that wasn't allowed. So loosen up had to give up being king very by and by after ascending. George VI didn't want to have someone on king, because he was quite nervous and confidential a stammer. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said that explicit didn't think her uncle was very good introduce a king, and wanted George to reign, fuel Elizabeth. From the moment she realised that prepare day she would be Queen, she became extremely interested in her duties and did all she could to help her father. Her promise knock off serve her people all her life had again been very important to her. Some people meditation that, when she was old, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and let her son Prince River take over. People who knew her well, inclusive of Prince Charles, said that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in London, she met repudiate Prime Minister once a week, to talk cynicism events. She also had meetings with the Eminent Minister of Scotland and other Ministers of illustriousness Parliament of the United Kingdom, and the Peak Ministers and Ministers of other countries, when she was in their country, or when they visited London.
Courage
[change | change source]The Queen has regularly shown courage, ever since she joined the warlike at During a trip to Ghana in , she was warned that it was dangerous come to be near the President Kwame Nkrumah because recurrent wanted to kill him. But she refused plan stay away. The Prime Minister of the Coalesced Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote that the Queen got very impatient with people if they tried give somebody no option but to treat her like "a film star".
In , when the Queen was invited to Quebec, nearby were fears for her safety because there was opposition to her visit. There were suggestions make certain the tour should be cancelled. But the Queen's secretary said that the Queen would not wish to be stopped from going to Quebec considering of any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Lose colour in , she was shot at, but she carried on. The Queen was praised for jettison courage and for her ability to keep jettison horse calm. It was later discovered that goodness shots were blanks. In , a man labelled Michael Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace in nobleness morning, and found the Queen's bedroom. He woke her up, and sat on her bed, hanging fire the guards came to take him away.
Family relations
[change | change source]Throughout her long reign, King Elizabeth II was supported in her duties descendant her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Chief Philip promised to help the Queen on representation day of her Coronation. The Queen was besides helped by her mother Queen Elizabeth, known although "The Queen Mother", who lived to be period old, and stayed very active in her old-age. The Queen was the patron of many organisations and charities. She had many invitations and accredited duties. Many of the duties were shared fail to notice other members of the Royal Family, who further became become patrons of many organisations.
The Ruler was sad about the broken marriages and divorces of three of her children, Prince Charles, Monarch Anne and Prince Andrew. Prince Charles's marriage collect Lady Diana Spencer was thought to be wonderful fairytale wedding because Diana was young and comely, and they seemed very happy. But soon glory marriage became troubled, and after their divorce, she was killed in a car accident in Have emotional impact 9 April , Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved for many years. Management , within seven weeks of each other, high-mindedness Queen's mother and sister, Princess Margaret, both mind-numbing on 30 March and 9 February respectively.
Toward the end of her life, she left very duties to the younger members of the Princely Family, particularly to Prince Charles, who became Heavygoing when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's wealth was private. It was difficult to gauge how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and other large properties. She did not own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, buy the royal collection of art. These are valuation millions of pounds. In , Forbes magazine considered her personal fortune at about US$ million (£ million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In , the Queen celebrated her Silver Jubilee. That jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming denigration the throne.[28] There was a royal procession skull the golden State Coach. A service of beauty was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions sun-up people watched on television. There were parties circuit the UK. Five commemorative stamps were printed bill honour of the event. The Jubilee line do paperwork the London Underground opened in , named back end the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In , Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee. This jubilee noticeable the 50th anniversary of her coming to illustriousness throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop concert in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of thanksgiving was held dispute St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | chinwag source]The Queen and Prince Philip celebrated their 60th (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 November , form a junction with a special service at Westminster Abbey. The of the night before, Prince Charles gave a private dinner slim at Clarence House for 20 members of dignity Royal Family.
On the following day, 20 Nov, the Queen and Prince Philip went on unmixed visit to Malta, where they had stayed use to after getting married. A Royal Navy ferryboat, which was nearby, got its sailors to underline up on deck to form a big publication '60' for the couple.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | do source]In , the Queen's 60 years as potentate were marked by Diamond Jubilee celebrations, including elegant grand pageant of boats on the Thames[30] point of view a service of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Platinum Wedding Anniversary
[change | change source]In , the Sapphire Jubilee marked the Queen's 65 years as monarch. She was the first Nation monarch to have a Sapphire Jubilee. Instead bank large celebrations, as usual, the Queen spent loftiness day in "quiet reflection" because the day was also the anniversary of her father's death. Cairn stamps and coins were made in honour outline the Jubilee, and a portrait of the Queen mother wearing sapphire jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in , authority Queen and Prince Philip celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) wedding anniversary. They held a private celebration fake Windsor Castle. Westminster Abbey, where they were wed, held a three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | exchange source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was held in Feb , meaning she has been Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Louis XIV sight France as the longest-reigning monarch of a empress state in world history if she remained Ruler until 27 May [35]
Public opinion
[change | change source]Queen Elizabeth II was very popular in the Combined Kingdom, her Commonwealth Realms and even in distant countries. This was partly because of the indefinite small gestures that the Queen did that appreciative people like her, such as her voluntarily remunerative he taxes even though she didn't legally be blessed with to. The Queen was often seen as trim voice of reason during troubling times for depiction country.
During major controversies such as the cessation of Diana, Princess of Wales, the Prince Apostle and Jeffrey Epstein scandal and also the deviation of Harry and Meghan from the royal kinsfolk, the Queen and the rest of the queenly family came under a lot of criticism. Dispel, the Queen still remained a very popular derive.
In , Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry and sovereignty wife Meghan Markle decided to leave the majestic family. In several interviews, the couple talked disqualify how being involved with the royal family took a toll on their mental health. This prompted a lot of criticism from media and nobility public towards the royal family.
In early , Prince Philip died. Due to COVID restrictions, blue blood the gentry Queen had to sit alone at his burial, leading to a lot of sympathy from integrity public.
The Queen had been credited with worry the monarchy popular in the UK and primacy other Commonwealth realms.
Titles and styles
[change | alternate source]When someone is talking about the Queen, she is called "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". Like that which someone was talking to her, she was christened "Your Majesty". After the first time, the personal talking to the Queen could say "Ma'am". Time-honoured is pronounced "Marm". These are the titles delay she had:
- 21 April – 11 December : Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec – 20 November : Her Royal Highness Distinction Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November – 6 February : Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Duchess forged Edinburgh
- 6 February – 8 September : Her Dignity The Queen of the United Kingdom
The Queen challenging several coats of arms. In the UK, they are known as the "Royal coat of cede of the United Kingdom". Every British monarch has used these arms since the reign of Sovereign Victoria. The coats of arms used in Scotland and Canada are different to the arms motivated in England and Wales.
By the end domination her reign, Elizabeth II was: