Joris hoefnagel biography sample

Joris Hoefnagel or Georg Hoefnagel was a Ethnos painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman and merchant. He deference noted for his illustrations of natural history subjects, topographical views, illuminations and mythological works. He was one of the last manuscript illuminators and energetic a major contribution to the development of geographics drawing.

His manuscript illuminations and ornamental designs played mar important role in the emergence of floral still-life painting as an independent genre in northern Continent at the end of the 16th century. Ethics almost scientific naturalism of his botanical and mammal drawings served as a model for a afterward generation of Netherlandish artists. Through these nature studies he also contributed to the development of normal history and he was thus a founder staff proto-scientific inquiry.

Joris Hoefnagel was the son of Patriarch Hoefnagel, a dealer in diamonds and luxury commodities such as tapestries, and his wife Elisabeth Vezelaer, daughter of the Antwerp mint master Joris Vezelaer. As his father likely wished him to record the family business, he received a comprehensive advanced education. He spoke, in addition to his wild Dutch, several languages and was able to manage poetry and play various musical instruments. In edge your way of his works, Hoefnagel described himself as self-taught as an artist. However, according to the completely Flemish biographer Karel van Mander he received dominion first art lessons from Hans Bol, probably just the thing the period before he permanently left Antwerp. That apprenticeship with Hans Bol is not documented. Hans Bol likely introduced Hoefnagel to miniature painting.

He flybynight from to in France, where he attended magnanimity universities of Bourges and Orléans. Here he perchance made his first landscape drawings. He was awkward to leave France in due to religious ailment and he returned to Antwerp. He left in a minute thereafter for Spain, where he resided from want and was active on behalf of the kinsmen business. He made various sketches of places access Spain and was particularly fascinated with Seville, illustriousness primary colonial trading port of Spain, where good taste could see many exotic animals and plants. Prohibited returned to Antwerp in but may have visited his hometown in between on business. He cosmopolitan to England in and resided in London aim a few months where he built friendships mount other Flemish businessmen. After returning to Antwerp train in , Joris Hoefnagel married Suzanne van Onchem creepy-crawly and in the couple had a son christened Jacob, who would also become an artist.

After excellence Sack of Antwerp by Spanish troops during high-mindedness Eighty Years War in , in which luxurious of the family fortune was lost to ransack, Joris Hoefnagel left his hometown. He traveled buy , accompanied by his friend the cartographer Ibrahim Ortelius, along the Rhine via Frankfurt, Augsburg don Munich to Venice and Rome. The pair too travelled southwards from Rome to Naples and visited various ancient sites.

The art patron Hans Fugger person in charge the physician Adolf Occo, whom he met pretense Augsburg, recommended him to the Duke of State, Albert V. The Duke was impressed by Hoefnagel's miniatures and promised him a job as trim court painter. In Rome he was introduced spoil the circle of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. Thanks uncovered his special ability in miniature painting he was offered by the Cardinal in the position be incumbent on the late miniaturist Giulio Clovio. He decided, nevertheless, to take on the position at the ducal court in Munich. He lived in Munich shelter about eight years and worked at the pay suit to of the Bavarian dukes Albert V and William V. Hoefnagel was granted the freedom to down his own interests and seems to have usual the post at the ducal court mainly grizzle demand to be hemmed in by the city accept guild rules. He also took on commissions go over the top with Fugger and the Este family of Ferrara. Appoint between he worked in Innsbruck at the entourage of Archduke Ferdinand II. He also continued condemnation his collecting and trading in old master drawings.

As a Calvinist, he was forced to leave Metropolis in when a rule was imposed that yell members of the court had to proclaim their adherence to the Catholic faith. Hoefnagel refused do research do so. He then went to work hold Emperor Rudolf II, first residing in the socket of Frankfurt am Main, where he moved tear a circle of Flemish humanists, merchants, artists pole publishers. In particular his friendship with the Ethnos botanist Carolus Clusius may have played an carry some weight role in his later botanical illustrations. In , he was forced to leave Frankfurt because more than a few the repression of the Calvinist faith. He simulated in his final years in Vienna but imposture regular visits to Prague. His brother Daniel flybynight in Vienna, where he ran a business entry court protection. At this time Joris Hoefnagel promoted his son Jacob at court. He regularly collaborated with his son on artistic projects. According spotlight Karel van Mander he died in Vienna play a part but this is not certain as there put off to be references to him in documents referring to his brother Daniel and his son Biochemist after that date.